Making Fedora Discs ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ Table of Contents Introduction Downloading Choosing CD or DVD Choosing the ISO Files Validating the Files Validating in the Windows Graphical Environment Validating at the Windows Command Prompt Burning Using The ISO Recorder V2 Power Toy Using Roxio Easy Media Creator 7 Using Nero Burning ROM 5 Using Nero Express 6 Testing Your Discs Comments and Feedback Introduction The Fedora distribution is provided in the form of ISO 9660 standard filesystem images. You can copy these ISO images onto either CDROM or DVD media to produce a bootable disc. Before you can install Fedora from disc on a computer, you must transfer, or burn, the ISO files to blank disc media (CD-R/RW or DVD-R/RW). This document describes the procedure for burning these files using a few common tools. This document assumes that you have no experience with Linux, and that you are using Microsoft Windows for the purpose of downloading and burning the files. The Fedora Project only supports software that is part of the Fedora distribution Only software produced and shipped as part of Fedora is supported by the project. Other software mentioned in this article is intended to guide the user in the right direction. Fedora is not responsible for nor endorses those software packages, and their use is described here merely as a convenience for the reader. This is not intended to be a comprehensive guide to burning ISOs under every operating system. Downloading The ISO files are large, and it may take a long time to download them, especially using a dial-up modem. You may want to use a download manager. Choosing CD or DVD Fedora is distributed on multiple CD-sized ISO image files, or a single DVD-sized ISO image file. You can use the single DVD ISO file if your computer meets the following requirements: ● It has a DVD-writable or DVD-rewritable drive ● It has an NTFS drive with sufficient space to hold the image file To write the DVD ISO file to a disc, your computer needs to have a drive that can write to DVD media. If your computer has a drive that only writes CD media and not DVD media, download the CD-sized files instead. Some file systems cannot store files larger than 2 GB, such as the DVD image. The commonly-used NTFS file system does not have this limitation, but many other non-NTFS formats do, such as FAT32. To check the format of a drive under Windows such as C:, select the Start menu and then My Computer. Right-click the drive you want to check, and choose Properties. The resulting dialog displays the format for that file system. If you do not have an NTFS drive with enough free space, download the CD-sized files instead. Create a new directory where you can download all of these files. You need approximately 700 MiB of free space available for each CD-sized ISO file, or approximately 3.5 GiB for the DVD-sized ISO file. This document assumes you have downloaded the files to the folder C:\Documents and Settings\Owner\My Documents\My Downloads\Fedora. Choosing the ISO Files The exact files you need from the download server depend upon your system and the version of Fedora you are downloading. The files you need are named in the form of Fedora---disc.iso, where "" is the version of Fedora you wish to download, "" is your computer's processor architecture, and "" is the disc number for each of the installation CDs. In the case of an installation DVD, DVD is used in the filename. The computer processor architecture is usually i386 for 32-bit PCs, including the Pentium and Athlon processor families. The architecture is usually x86_64 for 64-bit PCs, including the Athlon 64 processor family. The architecture is usually ppc for PowerPC computers, including most of Apple's Macintosh offerings before they began using Intel chips in the MacBook. If in doubt, your system probably requires the i386 versions. For example, if downloading Fedora 10 for a Pentium 4 computer, the correct file is Fedora-10-i386-DVD.iso. You may also need the SHA1SUM file to verify that the files you have downloaded are complete and correct. Validating the Files Errors can occur during the download, even if your download manager reports none. Therefore it is very important to check that the files have not been corrupted in any way. This is the purpose of the SHA1SUM file. It contains one line for each of the available ISO files with a content verification code called a hash computed from the original ISO files. BitTorrent Automatic Error Checking BitTorrent automatically performs this error checking during downloads. If your BitTorrent application reports all files have been successfully downloaded, you can safely skip this step. Validating in the Windows Graphical Environment There are a number of no-cost products available for file validation and hashing that have point and click interfaces. Here are links to a few of them: ● HashCalc: http://www.slavasoft.com/hashcalc/ ● eXpress CheckSum Calculator (XCSC): http://www.irnis.net/soft/xcsc/ Follow the instructions provided to install the program. When you run the program, use the file selection tools provided to select your downloaded ISO image files. Then select the SHA-1 algorithm for calculation, and run the tool. The program takes some time to complete, since it must read the entire ISO file. Open the file SHA1SUM with a text editor, such as Notepad, to display its contents. Make sure the hash displayed by the hash tool for each of the downloaded ISO files exactly matches the corresponding hash in the SHA1SUM file. If all of the hashes match, you can then burn the ISO files to media. If a file does not match, you may have to download it again. CAVEAT EMPTOR The Fedora Project and Red Hat Inc.. have no control over external sites such as the ones listed above, or the programs they provide. Validating at the Windows Command Prompt To check the files using the command prompt, you need to download the program sha1sum.exe. For instructions and the link to download the program, refer to http://lists.gnupg.org/pipermail/gnupg-announce/2004q4/000184.html. The sha1sum.exe program computes and displays hashes. To use it, save sha1sum.exe to the same directory as the ISO files. Select Run... from the Start menu and then enter cmd for the name of the program to start a Command Prompt window. Then change into the download directory. Run sha1sum with each ISO file like this: cd "C:\Documents and Settings\Owner\My Documents\My Downloads\Fedora" sha1sum.exe Fedora-10-i386-DVD.iso The program takes some time to complete, since it must read the entire ISO file. Open the file SHA1SUM with a text editor, such as Notepad, to display its contents. Make sure the hash displayed by sha1sum.exe for each of the downloaded ISO files exactly matches the corresponding hash in the SHA1SUM file. If all of the hashes match, the ISO files can be burned to media. If a file does not match, you may have to download it again. Burning The process of burning a CD is not always obvious to the users of Windows. Windows applications often let users burn data discs by simply dragging the source files into a box and clicking the Burn button. In reality, though, the burning software performs two operations. First, it creates an ISO 9660 standard image, just like the ones used to install Fedora, from the source files that were dragged into the box. Second, it transfers that ISO file onto the blank CD. If the original source file was already an ISO image, the resulting CD is not usable for installation purposes. To create the Fedora installation discs, it is vital that you only perform the second step with the Fedora ISO files. The steps required to do this using several popular CD burning applications are listed below. Disc Burning on Fedora Information on how-to burn media using Fedora is covered in https:// fedoraproject.org/wiki/User_Guide-Using_Media. Using The ISO Recorder V2 Power Toy Obtain and install the ISO Recorder power toy from the http:// isorecorder.alexfeinman.com/isorecorder.htm web site. 1. In the file manager Explorer, right click on the first Fedora ISO file. 2. In the context menu, select Copy image to CD. 3. Follow the steps given by the CD Recording Wizard pop-up. 4. Repeat for the remaining ISO files. Using Roxio Easy Media Creator 7 1. Start Creator Classic. 2. Select Other Tasks. 3. Select Burn from Disc Image File. 4. Choose the Fedora ISO file and burn it. Using Nero Burning ROM 5 1. Start the program. 2. Open the File menu. 3. Select Burn Image. 4. Choose the Fedora ISO file and burn it. 5. Repeat the above steps for each of the other ISO files. Using Nero Express 6 1. Start the program. 2. Select Disc Image or Saved Project. 3. An Open dialog appears. Select the first Fedora ISO file. Click Open. 4. Set the writing speed for your disc recorder. The optimal setting depends on your specific hardware. 5. Click Next to burn. 6. Repeat the steps above for the other ISO files. Testing Your Discs In order to be certain the CDs will work on your system, you may wish to burn only disc 1 and then perform the following process before burning the others: 1. Following the directions from your computer's manufacturer, make sure your computer's BIOS is set to boot from the CD drive. 2. Reboot the computer with the Fedora disc in the CD drive. The boot menu for the Fedora installer appears. 3. Press Enter. 4. Follow the directions on-screen until you are asked if you would like to perform a media check. 5. Conduct the check against the disc. If the check succeeds, your disc is correct. At this point the installer has changed nothing on your computer. Remove the Fedora installation disc and restart the system. 6. Continue burning any other media and be sure to check them before installation with the first disc that has already been proven good. Comments and Feedback If you have suggestions for this document, send an email to relnotes AT fedoraproject.org, or file a bug for the readme component under Fedora Documentation: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/enter_bug.cgi?product=Fedora%20Documentation We welcome directions for other tools and platforms.