Changelog¶

Revision 0.2.3, released 25-02-2017¶

Improved SEQUENCE/SET/CHOICE decoding performance by maintaining a single shared NamedType object for all instances of SEQUENCE/SET object.
Improved INTEGER encoding/decoding by switching to Python’s built-in integer serialization functions.
Improved BitString performance by rebasing it onto Python int type and leveraging fast Integer serialization functions.
BitString type usability improved in many ways: for example bitshifting and numeric operation on BitString is now possible.
Minor ObjectIdentifier type performance optimization.
ASN.1 character types refactored to keep unicode contents internally (rather than serialized octet stream) and duck-type it directly.
ASN.1 OctetString initialized from a Python object performs bytes() on it when running on Python 3 (used to do str() which is probably less logical).
Missing support for NoValue.__sizeof__ added.
Added checks to make sure SEQUENCE/SET components being assigned match the prototypes.
Setter methods for constructed types consistently accept matchTags and matchConstraints flags to control the strictness of inner components compatibility verification. Previously, these checks were tied to verifyConstraints flag, now they are all independent.
General documentation improvements here and there.
Fix to __reversed__() magic to make it returning an iterator.
Test suite simplified and unified.
The __all__ variable added to most of the Python modules.
The “test” directory renamed into “tests” not to collide with the “test” module.

Revision 0.2.2, released 07-02-2017¶

FIX TO A SECURITY WEAKNESS: define length only decoders could have successfully processed indefinite length serialization.
FIX TO A SECURITY WEAKNESS: canonical decoders (CER/DER) may have successfully consumed non-canonical variations of (otherwise valid) serialization.
Broken Enumerated subtyping fixed.

Revision 0.2.1, released 05-02-2017¶

FIX TO A SECURITY WEAKNESS: BER decoder improperly cached long tags.
New “native” codec implemented to transform pyasn1 types to Python built-in types and back.
Switched to new-style classes.
Sphinx documentation added.
BitString improvements:
- simple string of binary digits is now supported as initializer
- default str() yields string of binary digits (used to yield str(tuple())
- binValue and hexValue initializers added
- .asNumbers(), .asOctets() and asInteger() representation added
Components of constructed ASN.1 types can now be populated with uninitialized ASN.1 objects by assigning either noValue sentinel or setupComponent() function return in addition to now-legacy None sentinel. This should improve code readability.
NoValue class improved to become a singleton and catch more kinds of access to it.
Compatibility wrappers str2octs() and oct2strs() fixed to run over iso-8859-1 encoding.
Integer changed to emit Real instance if division produces a float.
True division operation now supported by Integer type.
The __contains__(), __reverse__() methods implemented for container types
Iterator protocol support implemented for all container types. Warning, warning, warning: this change may potentially affect backward compatibility when:
- user class overrides __getitem__() without overriding __iter__()
- when user code iterates over SEQUENCE object to get its components (now keys will be yielded)
Almost complete Python list and dict protocols added to SequenceOf/SetOf and Sequence/Set respectively
Fix to divmod operation implementation in Integer type.
Fix to IntegerDecoder’s precomputed value map on Python 3.
Fix to base ASN.1 types to run in “unicode_literals” mode.
Fix to composite constraints “+” operands ordering (AbstractConstraintSet.__radd__)
Fix to constraints merge in .subtype() – on merge existing constraints are expanded to accommodate new constraints, not the other way round. When existing constraints are wrapped in ConstraintsIntersection composite, additional constraints being added on subtyping effectively further narrow the set of allowed values, which aligns well with the notion of subtyping.
Fix to NamedTypes methods to handle .getTagMap() returning None
Fix to Set/Sequence.setDefaultComponents() to return self
Copyright notice added to non-trivial source code files.
Author’s email changed, copyright extended to 2017

Revision 0.1.9, released 28-09-2015¶

Wheel distribution format now supported.
Extensions added to text files, CVS attic flushed.
Fix to make uninitialized pyasn1 objects failing properly on hash().
Fix to ObjectIdentifier initialization from unicode string.
Fix to CER/DER Boolean decoder - fail on non single-octet payload.

Revision 0.1.8, released 22-06-2015¶

ObjectIdentifier codec fixed to work properly with arc 0 and arc 2 values.
Explicit limit on ObjectIdentifier arc value size removed.
Unicode initializer support added to OctetString type and derivatives.
New prettyPrintType() abstract method implemented to base pyasn1 types to facilitate encoding errors analysis.
The __str__() method implemented to Tag, TagSet and TagMap classes to ease encoding errors troubleshooting. easing encoding errors
Fix to SEQUENCE and SET types to give them their private componentTypes collection (which is a NamedTypes object) so that they won’t collide in a MT execution environment.
Missing T61String,ISO646String character types and ObjectDescriptor useful type added.
Distribute is gone, switched to setuptools completely.
Missing NamedValues.__repr__() added.
The base.NoValue() class, that indicates uninitialized ASN.1 object, made public.
The base.NoValue() class instances now support __repr__() what makes possible to perform repr() on uninitialized pyasn1 types objects.
When comparing ASN.1 types, by-tag and/or by-constraints matching can now be performed with the isSuperTypeOf()/isSameTypeWith() optional flags.
Constructed types now verify their consistency by invoking isSameTypeWith(matchTags=True, matchConstraints=False) and isSuperTypeOf(matchTags=False, matchConstraints=True) for each of their components rather than isSuperTypeOf() as it used to be. Constriants check could be enforced to isSameTypeWith() with the strictConstraints=True constructed classes attribute.
Constructed types can now be initialized with new .setComponents() method which accepts both var-args and keyword-args. Default repr() modified to reflect this change.
NamedTypes() and NamedValues() made comparable.
Test coverage extended to cover pyasn1 types __repr__() function.
The abs(Integer()) & abs(Real()) operation now returns respective pyasn1 type, not a Python type.
More Python magic methods implementations added to Integer & Real classes (e.g. __pos__, __neg__, __round__, __floor__, __ceil__, __trunc__)
The Integer.__invert__ Python magic method implemented.
The OctetString.__int__() and .__float__() magic methods implemented.
Handle the case of null writer at Debug printer.
BitString encoder/decoder performance improved.
Built-in debugging is now based on Python logging module.
Fix to NamedType.__repr__() to work properly.
Fixes to __repr__() implementation of many built-in ASN.1 types to take into account all of their initializers such as tagSet, subtypeSpec etc.
String typed float initializer to REAL type now supported.
Float typed mantissa initializer to REAL type for base 2 added.
Encoding bases 8 and 16 support for REAL type binary encoder added.
More strict CER/DER encoders added for GeneralizedTime and UTCTime types.
Asn1Item.hasValue() added to easily distinguish initalized ASN.1 objects from uninitialized ones (e.g. pure types).
Fix to REAL type binary decoder to handle different bases and scale factor.
Fix to TagSet.repr() to include [obsolete] baseTag information.
Fix to broken REAL type decoding handling.
Fix to BitString and OctetString decoders dealing with constructed encoding – it used to be possible to embed other types in substrate.
DER codec hardened not to tolerate indefinite length encoding/decoding.
Fix to end-of-octest sentinel handling:
- require strict two-zeros sentinel encoding
- recognize EOO sentinel only when explicitly requested by caller of the decoder via allowEoo=True parameter (warning: API change)

Revision 0.1.7¶

License updated to vanilla BSD 2-Clause to ease package use (http://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-2-Clause).
Test suite made discoverable by unittest/unittest2 discovery feature.
Fix to decoder working on indefinite length substrate – end-of-octets marker is now detected by both tag and value. Otherwise zero values may interfere with end-of-octets marker.
Fix to decoder to fail in cases where tagFormat indicates inappropriate format for the type (e.g. BOOLEAN is always PRIMITIVE, SET is always CONSTRUCTED and OCTET STRING is either of the two)
Fix to REAL type encoder to force primitive encoding form encoding.
Fix to CHOICE decoder to handle explicitly tagged, indefinite length mode encoding
Fix to REAL type decoder to handle negative REAL values correctly. Test case added.

Revision 0.1.6¶

The compact (valueless) way of encoding zero INTEGERs introduced in 0.1.5 seems to fail miserably as the world is filled with broken BER decoders. So we had to back off the encoder for a while. There’s still the IntegerEncoder.supportCompactZero flag which enables compact encoding form whenever it evaluates to True.
Report package version on debugging code initialization.

Revision 0.1.5¶

Documentation updated and split into chapters to better match web-site contents.
Make prettyPrint() working for non-initialized pyasn1 data objects. It used to throw an exception.
Fix to encoder to produce empty-payload INTEGER values for zeros
Fix to decoder to support empty-payload INTEGER and REAL values
Fix to unit test suites imports to be able to run each from their current directory

Revision 0.1.4¶

Built-in codec debugging facility added
Added some more checks to ObjectIdentifier BER encoder catching posible 2^8 overflow condition by two leading sub-OIDs
Implementations overriding the AbstractDecoder.valueDecoder method changed to return the rest of substrate behind the item being processed rather than the unprocessed substrate within the item (which is usually empty).
Decoder’s recursiveFlag feature generalized as a user callback function which is passed an uninitialized object recovered from substrate and its uninterpreted payload.
Catch inappropriate substrate type passed to decoder.
Expose tagMap/typeMap/Decoder objects at DER decoder to uniform API.
Obsolete __init__.MajorVersionId replaced with __init__.__version__ which is now in-sync with distutils.
Package classifiers updated.
The __init__.py’s made non-empty (rumors are that they may be optimized out by package managers).
Bail out gracefully whenever Python version is older than 2.4.
Fix to Real codec exponent encoding (should be in 2’s complement form), some more test cases added.
Fix in Boolean truth testing built-in methods
Fix to substrate underrun error handling at ObjectIdentifier BER decoder
Fix to BER Boolean decoder that allows other pre-computed values besides 0 and 1
Fix to leading 0x80 octet handling in DER/CER/DER ObjectIdentifier decoder. See http://www.cosic.esat.kuleuven.be/publications/article-1432.pdf

Revision 0.1.3¶

Include class name into asn1 value constraint violation exception.
Fix to OctetString.prettyOut() method that looses leading zero when building hex string.

Revision 0.1.2¶

Fix to __long__() to actually return longs on py2k
Fix to OctetString.__str__() workings of a non-initialized object.
Fix to quote initializer of OctetString.__repr__()
Minor fix towards ObjectIdentifier.prettyIn() reliability
ObjectIdentifier.__str__() is aliased to prettyPrint()
Exlicit repr() calls replaced with ‘%r’

Revision 0.1.1¶

Hex/bin string initializer to OctetString object reworked (in a backward-incompatible manner)
Fixed float() infinity compatibility issue (affects 2.5 and earlier)
Fixed a bug/typo at Boolean CER encoder.
Major overhawl for Python 2.4 – 3.2 compatibility: + get rid of old-style types + drop string module usage + switch to rich comparation + drop explicit long integer type use + map()/filter() replaced with list comprehension + apply() replaced with */**args + switched to use ‘key’ sort() callback function + support both __nonzero__() and __bool__() methods + modified not to use py3k-incompatible exception syntax + getslice() operator fully replaced with getitem() + dictionary operations made 2K/3K compatible + base type for encoding substrate and OctetString-based types is now ‘bytes’ when running py3k and ‘str’ otherwise + OctetString and derivatives now unicode compliant. + OctetString now supports two python-neutral getters: asOcts() & asInts() + print OctetString content in hex whenever it is not printable otherwise + in test suite, implicit relative import replaced with the absolute one + in test suite, string constants replaced with numerics

Revision 0.0.13¶

Fix to base10 normalization function that loops on univ.Real(0)

Revision 0.0.13b¶

ASN.1 Real type is now supported properly.
Objects of Constructed types now support __setitem__()
Set/Sequence objects can now be addressed by their field names (string index) and position (integer index).
Typo fix to ber.SetDecoder code that prevented guided decoding operation.
Fix to explicitly tagged items decoding support.
Fix to OctetString.prettyPrint() to better handle non-printable content.
Fix to repr() workings of Choice objects.

Revision 0.0.13a¶

Major codec re-design.
Documentation significantly improved.
ASN.1 Any type is now supported.
All example ASN.1 modules moved to separate pyasn1-modules package.
Fix to initial sub-OID overflow condition detection an encoder.
BitString initialization value verification improved.
The Set/Sequence.getNameByPosition() method implemented.
Fix to proper behaviour of PermittedAlphabetConstraint object.
Fix to improper Boolean substrate handling at CER/DER decoders.
Changes towards performance improvement:
- all dict.has_key() & dict.get() invocations replaced with modern syntax (this breaks compatibility with Python 2.1 and older).
- tag and tagset caches introduced to decoder
- decoder code improved to prevent unnecessary pyasn1 objects creation
- allow disabling components verification when setting components to structured types, this is used by decoder whilst running in guided mode.
- BER decoder for integer values now looks up a small set of pre-computed substrate values to save on decoding.
- a few pre-computed values configured to ObjectIdentifier BER encoder.
- ChoiceDecoder split-off SequenceOf one to save on unnecessary checks.
- replace slow hasattr()/getattr() calls with isinstance() introspection.
- track the number of initialized components of Constructed types to save on default/optional components initialization.
- added a shortcut ObjectIdentifier.asTuple() to be used instead of __getitem__() in hotspots.
- use Tag.asTuple() and pure integers at tag encoder.
- introduce and use in decoder the baseTagSet attribute of the built-in ASN.1 types.

Revision 0.0.12a¶

The individual tag/length/value processing methods of encoder.AbstractItemEncoder renamed (leading underscore stripped) to promote overloading in cases where partial substrate processing is required.
The ocsp.py, ldap.py example scripts added.
Fix to univ.ObjectIdentifier input value handler to disallow negative sub-IDs.

Revision 0.0.11a¶

Decoder can now treat values of unknown types as opaque OctetString.
Fix to Set/SetOf type decoder to handle uninitialized scalar SetOf components correctly.

Revision 0.0.10a¶

API versioning mechanics retired (pyasn1.v1 -> pyasn1) what makes it possible to zip-import pyasn1 sources (used by egg and py2exe).

Revision 0.0.9a¶

Allow any non-zero values in Boolean type BER decoder, as it’s in accordnance with the standard.

Revision 0.0.8a¶

Integer.__index__() now supported (for Python 2.5+).
Fix to empty value encoding in BitString encoder, test case added.
Fix to SequenceOf decoder that prevents it skipping possible Choice typed inner component.
Choice.getName() method added for getting currently set component name.
OctetsString.prettyPrint() does a single str() against its value eliminating an extra quotes.

Revision 0.0.7a¶

Large tags (>31) now supported by codecs.
Fix to encoder to properly handle explicitly tagged untagged items.
All possible value lengths (up to 256^126) now supported by encoders.
Fix to Tag class constructor to prevent negative IDs.

Revision 0.0.6a¶

Make use of setuptools.
Constraints derivation verification (isSuperTypeOf()/isSubTypeOf()) fixed.
Fix to constraints comparation logic – can’t cmp() hash values as it may cause false positives due to hash conflicts.

Revision 0.0.5a¶

Integer BER codec reworked fixing negative values encoding bug.
clone() and subtype() methods of Constructed ASN.1 classes now accept optional cloneValueFlag flag which controls original value inheritance. The default is not to inherit original value for performance reasons (this may affect backward compatibility). Performance penalty may be huge on deeply nested Constructed objects re-creation.
Base ASN.1 types (pyasn1.type.univ.*) do not have default values anymore. They remain uninitialized acting as ASN.1 types. In this model, initialized ASN.1 types represent either types with default value installed or a type instance.
Decoders’ prototypes are now class instances rather than classes. This is to simplify initial value installation to decoder’s prototype value.
Bugfix to BitString BER decoder (trailing bits not regarded).
Bugfix to Constraints use as mapping keys.
Bugfix to Integer & BitString clone() methods
Bugix to the way to distinguish Set from SetOf at CER/DER SetOfEncoder
Adjustments to make it running on Python 1.5.
In tests, substrate constants converted from hex escaped literals into octals to overcome indefinite hex width issue occuring in young Python.
Minor performance optimization of TagSet.isSuperTagSetOf() method
examples/sshkey.py added

Revision 0.0.4a¶

Asn1ItemBase.prettyPrinter() -> *.prettyPrint()

Revision 0.0.3a¶

Simple ASN1 objects now hash to their Python value and don’t depend upon tag/constraints/etc.
prettyIn & prettyOut methods of SimplleAsn1Object become public
many syntax fixes

Revision 0.0.2a¶

ConstraintsIntersection.isSuperTypeOf() and ConstraintsIntersection.hasConstraint() implemented
Bugfix to NamedValues initialization code
+/- operators added to NamedValues objects
Integer.__abs__() & Integer.subtype() added
ObjectIdentifier.prettyOut() fixes
Allow subclass components at SequenceAndSetBase
AbstractConstraint.__cmp__() dropped
error.Asn1Error replaced with error.PyAsn1Error

Revision 0.0.1a¶

Initial public alpha release