These subroutines generate composite waveforms made up of weighted sums of simple sinusoids. The specification of each contributing partial requires 3 p-fields using GEN09.
size -- number of points in the table. Must be a power of 2 or power-of-2 plus 1 (see f statement).
pna, pnb, etc. -- partial no. (relative to a fundamental that would occupy size locations per cycle) of sinusoid a, sinusoid b, etc. Must be positive, but need not be a whole number, i.e., non-harmonic partials are permitted. Partials may be in any order.
stra, strb, etc. -- strength of partials pna, pnb, etc. These are relative strengths, since the composite waveform may be rescaled later. Negative values are permitted and imply a 180 degree phase shift.
phsa, phsb, etc. -- initial phase of partials pna, pnb, etc., expressed in degrees (0-360).
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Here is a simple example of the GEN09 routine. It uses the file gen09.csd. It will generate a cosine wave, a sine wave with an initial phase of 90 degrees. Here is its diagram:
Diagram of the waveform generated by GEN09.
Example 10. A simple example of the GEN09 routine.
See the sections Real-time Audio and Command Line Flags for more information on using command line flags.<CsoundSynthesizer> <CsOptions> ; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform ; Audio out Audio in -odac -iadc ;;;RT audio I/O ; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below: ; -o gen09.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform </CsOptions> <CsInstruments> ; Initialize the global variables. sr = 44100 kr = 4410 ksmps = 10 nchnls = 1 ; Instrument #1. instr 1 kamp = 30000 kcps = 440 ifn = 1 ; Play the waveform stored in Table #1. a1 oscil kamp, kcps, ifn out a1 endin </CsInstruments> <CsScore> ; Table #1: a cosine wave (using GEN09). ; This is a sine wave with an initial phase of 90 degrees. f 1 0 16384 9 1 1 90 ; Play Instrument #1 for 2 seconds. i 1 0 2 e </CsScore> </CsoundSynthesizer>
Here is another example of the GEN09 routine. It uses the file gen09square.csd. It combines partials l, 3 and 9 in the relative strengths in which they are found in a square wave, except that partial 9 is upside down. It will be rescaled, here is its diagram:
Diagram of the waveform generated by GEN09.
Example 11. A square wave generated by the GEN09 routine.
See the sections Real-time Audio and Command Line Flags for more information on using command line flags.<CsoundSynthesizer> <CsOptions> ; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform ; Audio out Audio in -odac -iadc ;;;RT audio I/O ; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below: ; -o gen09square.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform </CsOptions> <CsInstruments> ; Initialize the global variables. sr = 44100 kr = 4410 ksmps = 10 nchnls = 1 ; Instrument #1. instr 1 kamp = 30000 kcps = 440 ifn = 1 ; Play the waveform stored in Table #1. a1 oscil kamp, kcps, ifn out a1 endin </CsInstruments> <CsScore> ; Table #1: an approximation of a square wave (using GEN09). f 1 0 16384 9 1 3 0 3 1 0 9 0.3333 180 ; Play Instrument #1 for 2 seconds. i 1 0 2 e </CsScore> </CsoundSynthesizer>