Weakly chordal graphs
This module deals with everything related to weakly chordal graphs. It currently contains the following functions:
is_long_hole_free() | Tests whether g contains an induced cycle of length at least 5. |
is_long_antihole_free() | Tests whether g contains an induced anticycle of length at least 5. |
is_weakly_chordal() | Tests whether g is weakly chordal. |
Author:
REFERENCES:
[NikolopoulosPalios07] | (1, 2) Nikolopoulos, S.D. and Palios, L. Detecting holes and antiholes in graphs Algorithmica, 2007 Vol. 47, number 2, pages 119–138 http://www.cs.uoi.gr/~stavros/C-Papers/C-2004-SODA.pdf |
Tests whether the given graph contains an induced subgraph that is isomorphic to the complement of a cycle of length at least 5.
INPUT:
certificate – boolean (default: False)
Whether to return a certificate. When certificate = True, then the function returns
When certificate = False, the function returns just True or False accordingly.
ALGORITHM:
This algorithm tries to find a cycle in the graph of all induced
of
, where two copies
and
of
are adjacent if there exists a (not necessarily induced)
copy of
such that
and
.
This is done through a depth-first-search. For efficiency, the auxiliary graph is constructed on-the-fly and never stored in memory.
The run time of this algorithm is [NikolopoulosPalios07] ( where
is the number of edges of the graph ) .
EXAMPLES:
The Petersen Graph contains an antihole:
sage: g = graphs.PetersenGraph()
sage: g.is_long_antihole_free()
False
The complement of a cycle is an antihole:
sage: g = graphs.CycleGraph(6).complement()
sage: r,a = g.is_long_antihole_free(certificate=True)
sage: r
False
sage: a.complement().is_isomorphic( graphs.CycleGraph(6) )
True
TESTS:
Further tests:
sage: g = Graph({0:[6,7],1:[7,8],2:[8,9],3:[9,10],4:[10,11],5:[11,6],6:[0,5,7],7:[0,1,6],8:[1,2,9],9:[2,3,8],10:[3,4,11],11:[4,5,10]}).complement()
sage: r,a = g.is_long_antihole_free(certificate=True)
sage: r
False
sage: a.complement().is_isomorphic( graphs.CycleGraph(9) )
True
Tests whether g contains an induced cycle of length at least 5.
INPUT:
certificate – boolean (default: False)
Whether to return a certificate. When certificate = True, then the function returns
If certificate = False, the function returns just True or False accordingly.
ALGORITHM:
This algorithm tries to find a cycle in the graph of all induced of
, where two copies
and
of
are adjacent if there exists a
(not necessarily induced) copy of
such that
and
.
This is done through a depth-first-search. For efficiency, the auxiliary graph is constructed on-the-fly and never stored in memory.
The run time of this algorithm is [NikolopoulosPalios07] ( where
is the number of edges of the graph ) .
EXAMPLES:
The Petersen Graph contains a hole:
sage: g = graphs.PetersenGraph()
sage: g.is_long_hole_free()
False
The following graph contains a hole, which we want to display:
sage: g = graphs.FlowerSnark()
sage: r,h = g.is_long_hole_free(certificate=True)
sage: r
False
sage: Graph(h).is_isomorphic(graphs.CycleGraph(h.order()))
True
TESTS:
Another graph with vertices 2, ..., 8, 10:
sage: g = Graph({2:[3,8],3:[2,4],4:[3,8,10],5:[6,10],6:[5,7],7:[6,8],8:[2,4,7,10],10:[4,5,8]})
sage: r,hole = g.is_long_hole_free(certificate=True)
sage: r
False
sage: hole
Subgraph of (): Graph on 5 vertices
sage: hole.is_isomorphic(graphs.CycleGraph(hole.order()))
True
Tests whether the given graph is weakly chordal, i.e., the graph and its complement have no induced cycle of length at least 5.
INPUT:
certificate – Boolean value (default: False) whether to return a certificate. If certificate = False, return True or False according to the graph. If certificate = True, return
(False, forbidden_subgraph) when the graph contains a forbidden subgraph H, this graph is returned.
For this case, it is not known how to provide a certificate.
ALGORITHM:
This algorithm checks whether the graph g or its complement contain an induced cycle of length at least 5.
Using is_long_hole_free() and is_long_antihole_free() yields a run time
of (where
is the number of edges of the graph).
EXAMPLES:
The Petersen Graph is not weakly chordal and contains a hole:
sage: g = graphs.PetersenGraph()
sage: r,s = g.is_weakly_chordal(certificate = True)
sage: r
False
sage: l = len(s.vertices())
sage: s.is_isomorphic( graphs.CycleGraph(l) )
True