Document¶
This class represents a document. It can be constructed from a file or from memory.
There exists the alias open for this class, i.e. fitz.Document(...)
and fitz.open(...)
do exactly the same thing.
For details on embedded files refer to Appendix 3.
Note
Starting with v1.17.0, a new page addressing mechanism for EPUB files only is supported. This document type is internally organized in chapters such that pages can most efficiently be found by their so-called “location”. The location is a tuple (chapter, pno) consisting of the chapter number and the page number in that chapter. Both numbers are zero-based.
While it is still possible to locate a page via its (absoute) number, doing so may mean that the complete EPUB document must be layouted before the page can be addressed. This may have a significant performance impact if the document is very large. Using the page’s (chapter, pno) prevents this from happening.
To maintain a consistent API, PyMuPDF supports the page location syntax for all file types – documents without this feature simply have just one chapter. Document.load_page()
and the equivalent index access now also support a location argument.
There are a number of methods for converting between page numbers and locations, for determining the chapter count, the page count per chapter, for computing the next and the previous locations, and the last page location of a document.
Method / Attribute |
Short Description |
---|---|
PDF only: make new optional content configuration |
|
PDF only: add new optional content group |
|
gain access to an encrypted document |
|
check if incremental save is possible |
|
number of pages in chapter |
|
close the document |
|
write a PDF version to memory |
|
PDF only: copy a page reference |
|
PDF only: remove a single TOC item |
|
PDF only: delete a page |
|
PDF only: delete multiple pages |
|
PDF only: add a new embedded file from buffer |
|
PDF only: number of embedded files |
|
PDF only: delete an embedded file entry |
|
PDF only: extract an embedded file buffer |
|
PDF only: metadata of an embedded file |
|
PDF only: list of embedded files |
|
PDF only: change an embedded file |
|
PDF only: |
|
retrieve page location after layouting |
|
PDF only: duplicate a page |
|
PDF only: lists of OCGs in ON, OFF, RBGroups |
|
PDF only: get OCG /OCMD xref of image / form xobject |
|
PDF only: info on all optional content groups |
|
PDF only: retrieve definition of an |
|
PDF only: make a list of fonts on a page |
|
PDF only: make a list of images on a page |
|
PDF only: list of page label definitions |
|
PDF only: get page numbers having a given label |
|
PDF only: make a list of XObjects on a page |
|
extract the table of contents |
|
create a pixmap of a page by page number |
|
extract the text of a page by page number |
|
PDF only: determine signature state |
|
PDF only: read the XML metadata |
|
PDF only: check if PDF contains any annots |
|
PDF only: check if PDF contains any links |
|
PDF only: insert a new page |
|
PDF only: insert pages from another PDF |
|
PDF only: list of optional content configurations |
|
PDF only: list of optional content intents |
|
re-paginate the document (if supported) |
|
read a page |
|
create a page pointer in reflowable documents |
|
PDF only: |
|
PDF only: move a page to different location in doc |
|
PDF only: get/set |
|
PDF only: insert a new empty page |
|
return (chapter, pno) of following page |
|
PDF only: |
|
PDF only: the unrotated page rectangle |
|
iterator over a page range |
|
PDF only: |
|
PDF only: |
|
PDF only: trailer source |
|
return (chapter, pno) of preceeding page |
|
PDF only: provide a new copy of a page |
|
PDF only: save the document |
|
PDF only: save the document incrementally |
|
PDF only: remove sensitive data |
|
search for a string on a page |
|
PDF only: select a subset of pages |
|
PDF only: set OCG visibility temporarily |
|
PDF only: set the metadata |
|
PDF only: mass changing OCG states |
|
PDF only: attach OCG/OCMD to image / form xobject |
|
PDF only: create or update an |
|
PDF only: add/update page label definitions |
|
PDF only: change a single TOC item |
|
PDF only: set the table of contents (TOC) |
|
PDF only: create or update document XML metadata |
|
PDF only: create font subsets (experimental) |
|
PDF only: activate OC configuration |
|
PDF only: writes document to memory |
|
PDF only: get the definition source of |
|
PDF only: get the value of a dictionary key |
|
PDF only: list the keys of object at |
|
PDF only: set the value of a dictionary key |
|
PDF only: raw stream source at |
|
number of chapters |
|
PDF only: list of global widget fonts |
|
has document been closed? |
|
PDF only: has document been changed yet? |
|
document (still) encrypted? |
|
is this a Form PDF? |
|
is this a PDF? |
|
is this a reflowable document? |
|
PDF only: has this PDF been repaired during open? |
|
(chapter, pno) of last page |
|
metadata |
|
filename of document |
|
require password to access data? |
|
first Outline item |
|
number of pages |
|
permissions to access the document |
Class API
- class Document¶
- __init__(self, filename=None, stream=None, filetype=None, rect=None, width=0, height=0, fontsize=11)¶
Creates a Document object.
With default parameters, a new empty PDF document will be created.
If stream is given, then the document is created from memory and either filename or filetype must indicate its type.
If stream is None, then a document is created from the file given by filename. Its type is inferred from the extension, which can be overruled by specifying filetype.
- Parameters
filename (str,pathlib) – A UTF-8 string or pathlib object containing a file path (or a file type, see below).
stream (bytes,bytearray,BytesIO) –
A memory area containing a supported document. Its type must be specified by either filename or filetype.
(Changed in version 1.14.13) io.BytesIO is now also supported.
filetype (str) – A string specifying the type of document. This may be something looking like a filename (e.g. “x.pdf”), in which case MuPDF uses the extension to determine the type, or a mime type like application/pdf. Just using strings like “pdf” will also work.
rect (rect_like) – a rectangle specifying the desired page size. This parameter is only meaningful for documents with a variable page layout (“reflowable” documents), like e-books or HTML, and ignored otherwise. If specified, it must be a non-empty, finite rectangle with top-left coordinates (0, 0). Together with parameter fontsize, each page will be accordingly laid out and hence also determine the number of pages.
width (float) – may used together with height as an alternative to rect to specify layout information.
height (float) – may used together with width as an alternative to rect to specify layout information.
fontsize (float) – the default fontsize for reflowable document types. This parameter is ignored if none of the parameters rect or width and height are specified. Will be used to calculate the page layout.
Overview of possible forms (open is a synonym of Document):
>>> # from a file >>> doc = fitz.open("some.pdf") >>> doc = fitz.open("some.file", None, "pdf") # copes with wrong extension >>> doc = fitz.open("some.file", filetype="pdf") # copes with wrong extension >>> >>> # from memory >>> doc = fitz.open("pdf", mem_area) >>> doc = fitz.open(None, mem_area, "pdf") >>> doc = fitz.open(stream=mem_area, filetype="pdf") >>> >>> # new empty PDF >>> doc = fitz.open() >>>
The Document class can be also be used as a context manager. On exit, the document will automatically be closed.
>>> import fitz >>> with fitz.open(...) as doc: for page in doc: print("page %i" % page.number) page 0 page 1 page 2 page 3 >>> doc.is_closed True >>>
- get_oc(xref)¶
(New in v1.18.4)
Return the cross reference number of an
OCG
orOCMD
attached to an image or form xobject.- Parameters
xref (int) – the
xref
of an image or form xobject. Valid such cross reference numbers are returned byDocument.get_page_images()
, resp.Document.get_page_xobjects()
. For invalid numbers, an exception is raised.- Return type
int
- Returns
the cross reference number of an optional contents object or zero if there is none.
- set_oc(xref, ocxref)¶
(New in v1.18.4)
If xref represents an image or form xobject, set or remove the cross reference number ocxref of an optional contents object.
- Parameters
xref (int) – the
xref
of an image or form xobject 5. Valid such cross reference numbers are returned byDocument.get_page_images()
, resp.Document.get_page_xobjects()
. For invalid numbers, an exception is raised.ocxref (int) – the
xref
number of anOCG
/OCMD
. If not zero, an invalid reference raises an exception. If zero, any OC reference is removed.
- layer_configs()¶
(New in v1.18.3)
Show optional layer configurations. There always is a standard one, which is not included in the response.
>>> for item in doc.layer_configs: print(item) {'number': 0, 'name': 'my-config', 'creator': ''} >>> # use 'number' as config identifyer in add_ocg
- add_layer(name, creator=None, on=None)¶
(New in v1.18.3)
Add an optional content configuration. Layers serve as a collection of ON / OFF states for optional content groups and allow fast visibility switches between different views on the same document.
- Parameters
name (str) – arbitrary name.
creator (str) – (optional) creating software.
on (sequ) – a sequence of OCG
xref
numbers which should be set to ON when this layer gets activated. All OCGs not listed here will be set to OFF.
- switch_layer(number, as_default=False)¶
(New in v1.18.3)
Switch to a document view as defined by the optional layer’s configuration number. This is temporary, except if established as default.
- Parameters
number (int) – config number as returned by
Document.layer_configs()
.as_default (bool) – make this the default configuration.
Activates the ON / OFF states of OCGs as defined in the identified layer. If as_default=True, then additionally all layers, including the standard one, are merged and the result is written back to the standard layer, and all optional layers are deleted.
- add_ocg(name, config=- 1, on=True, intent='View', usage='Artwork')¶
(New in v1.18.3)
Add an optional content group. An OCG is the most important unit of information to determine object visibility. For a PDF, in order to be regarded as having optional content, at least one OCG must exist.
- Parameters
name (str) – arbitrary name. Will show up in supporting PDF viewers.
config (int) – layer configuration number. Default -1 is the standard configuration.
on (bool) – standard visibility status for objects pointing to this OCG.
intent (str,list) – a string or list of strings declaring the visibility intents. There are two PDF standard values to choose from: “View” and “Design”. Default is “View”. Correct spelling is important.
usage (str) – another influencer for OCG visibility. This will become part of the OCG’s
/Usage
key. There are two PDF standard values to choose from: “Artwork” and “Technical”. Default is “Artwork”. Please only change when required.
- Returns
xref
of the created OCG. Use as entry foroc
parameter in supporting objects.
Note
Multiple OCGs with identical parameters may be created. This will not cause problems. Garbage option 3 of
Document.save()
will get rid of any duplicates.
- set_ocmd(xref=0, ocgs=None, policy='AnyOn', ve=None)¶
(New in v1.18.4)
Create or update an
OCMD
, Optional Content Membership Dictionary.- Parameters
xref (int) –
xref
of the OCMD to be updated, or 0 for a new OCMD.ocgs (list) – a sequence of
xref
numbers of existingOCG
PDF objects.policy (str) – one of “AnyOn” (default), “AnyOff”, “AllOn”, “AllOff” (mixed or lower case).
ve (list) – a “visibility expression”. This is a list of arbitrarily nested other lists – see explanation below. Use as an alternative to the combination ocgs / policy if you need to formulate more complex conditions.
- Return type
int
- Returns
xref
of the OCMD. Use asoc=xref
parameter in supporting objects, and respectively inDocument.set_oc()
orAnnot.set_oc()
.
Note
Like an OCG, an OCMD has a visibility state ON or OFF, and it can be used like an OCG. In contrast to an OCG, the OCMD state is determined by evaluating the state of one or more OCGs via special forms of boolean expressions. If the expression evaluates to true, the OCMD state is ON and OFF for false.
There are two ways to formulate OCMD visibility:
Use the combination of ocgs and policy: The policy value is interpreted as follows:
AnyOn – (default) true if at least one OCG is ON.
AnyOff – true if at least one OCG is OFF.
AllOn – true if all OCGs are ON.
AllOff – true if all OCGs are OFF.
Suppose you want two PDF objects be displayed exactly one at a time (if one is ON, then the other one must be OFF):
Solution: use an OCG for object 1 and an OCMD for object 2. Create the OCMD via
set_ocmd(ocgs=[xref], policy="AllOff")
, with thexref
of the OCG.Use the visibility expression ve: This is a list of two or more items. The first item is a logical keyword: one of the strings “and”, “or”, or “not”. The second and all subsequent items must either be an integer or another list. An integer must be the
xref
number of an OCG. A list must again have at least two items starting with one of the boolean keywords. This syntax is a bit awkward, but quite powerful:
Each list must start with a logical keyword.
If the keyword is a “not”, then the list must have exactly two items. If it is “and” or “or”, any number of other items may follow.
Items following the logical keyword may be either integers or again a list. An integer must be the xref of an OCG. A list must conform to the previous rules.
Examples:
set_ocmd(ve=["or", 4, ["not", 5], ["and", 6, 7]])
. This delivers ON if the following is true: “4 is ON, or 5 is OFF, or 6 and 7 are both ON”.set_ocmd(ve=["not", xref])
. This has the same effect as the OCMD example created under 1.
For more details and examples see page 367 of Adobe PDF References. Also do have a look at example scripts here.
Visibility expressions,
/VE
, are part of PDF specification version 1.6. So not all PDF viewers / readers may already support this feature and hence will react in some standard way for those cases.
- get_ocmd(xref)¶
(New in v1.18.4)
Retrieve the definition of an
OCMD
.- Parameters
xref (int) – the
xref
of the OCMD.- Return type
dict
- Returns
a dictionary with the keys xref, ocgs, policy and ve.
- get_layer(config=- 1)¶
(New in v1.18.3)
List of optional content groups by status in the specified configuration. This is a dictionary with lists of cross reference numbers for OCGs that occur in the arrays
/ON
,/OFF
or in some radio button group (/RBGroups
).- Parameters
config (int) – the configuration layer (default is the standard config layer).
>>> pprint(doc.get_layer()) {'off': [8, 9, 10], 'on': [5, 6, 7], 'rbgroups': [[7, 10]]} >>>
- set_layer(config, on=None, off=None, basestate=None, rbgroups=None)¶
(New in v1.18.3)
Mass status changes of optional content groups. Permanently sets the status of OCGs.
- Parameters
config (int) – desired configuration layer, choose -1 for the default one.
on (list) – list of
xref
of OCGs to set ON. Replaces previous values. An empty list will cause no OCG being set to ON anymore. Should be specified ifbasestate="ON"
is used.off (list) – list of
xref
of OCGs to set OFF. Replaces previous values. An empty list will cause no OCG being set to OFF anymore. Should be specified ifbasestate="OFF"
is used.basestate (str) – desired state of OCGs that are not mentioned in on resp. off. Possible values are “ON”, “OFF” or “Unchanged”. Upper / lower case possible.
rbgroups (list) – a list of lists. Replaces previous values. Each sublist should contain two or more OCG xrefs. OCGs in the same sublist are handled like buttons in a radio button group: setting one to ON automatically sets all other group members to OFF.
Values None will not change the corresponding PDF array.
>>> doc.set_layer(-1, basestate="OFF") # only changes the base state >>> pprint(doc.get_layer()) {'basestate': 'OFF', 'off': [8, 9, 10], 'on': [5, 6, 7], 'rbgroups': [[7, 10]]}
- get_ocgs()¶
(New in v1.18.3)
Details of all optional content groups. This is a dictionary of dictionaries like this (key is the OCG’s
xref
):>>> pprint(doc.get_ocgs()) {13: {'on': True, 'intent': ['View', 'Design'], 'name': 'Circle', 'usage': 'Artwork'}, 14: {'on': True, 'intent': ['View', 'Design'], 'name': 'Square', 'usage': 'Artwork'}, 15: {'on': False, 'intent': ['View'], 'name': 'Square', 'usage': 'Artwork'}} >>>
- layer_ui_configs()¶
(New in v1.18.3)
Show the visibility status of optional content that is modifyable by the user interface of supporting PDF viewers. Example:
>>> pprint(doc.layer_ui_configs()) ({'depth': 0, 'locked': False, 'number': 0, 'on': True, 'text': 'Circle', 'type': 'checkbox'}, {'depth': 0, 'locked': False, 'number': 1, 'on': False, 'text': 'Square', 'type': 'checkbox'}) >>> # refers to OCGs named "Circle" (ON), resp. "Square" (OFF)
Note
Only reports items contained in the currently selected layer configuration.
- The meaning of the dictionary keys is as follows:
depth: item’s nesting level in the /Order array
locked: whether changing the item’s state is prohibited
number: running sequence number
on: item state
text: text string or name field of the originating OCG
type: one of “label” (set by a text string), “checkbox” (set by a single OCG) or “radiobox” (set by a set of connected OCGs)
- set_layer_ui_config(number, action=0)¶
(New in v1.18.3)
Modify OC visibility status of content groups. This is analog to what supporting PDF viewers would offer.
Note
Visibility is not a property stored with the OCG. It is not even an information necessarily present in the PDF document at all. Instead, the current visibility is temporarily set using the user interface of some supporting PDF consumer software. The same type of functionality is offered by this method.
To make permanent changes, use
Document.set_layer()
.- Parameters
number (in) – number as returned by
Document.layer_ui_configs()
.action (int) – 0 = set on (default), 1 = toggle on/off, 2 = set off.
Example:
>>> # let's make above "Square" visible: >>> doc.set_layer_ui_config(1, action=0) >>> pprint(doc.layer_ui_configs()) ({'depth': 0, 'locked': False, 'number': 0, 'on': True, 'text': 'Circle', 'type': 'checkbox'}, {'depth': 0, 'locked': False, 'number': 1, 'on': True, # <=== 'text': 'Square', 'type': 'checkbox'}) >>>
- authenticate(password)¶
Decrypts the document with the string password. If successful, document data can be accessed. For PDF documents, the “owner” and the “user” have different priviledges, and hence different passwords may exist for these authorization levels. The method will automatically establish the appropriate (owner or user) access rights for the provided password.
- Parameters
password (str) – owner or user password.
- Return type
int
- Returns
a positive value if successful, zero otherwise (the string does not match either password). If positive, the indicator
Document.is_encrypted
is set to False. Positive return codes carry the following information detail:1 => authenticated, but the PDF has neither owner nor user passwords.
2 => authenticated with the user password.
4 => authenticated with the owner password.
6 => authenticated and both passwords are equal – probably a rare situation.
Note
The document may be protected by an owner, but not by a user password. Detect this situation via doc.authenticate(“”) == 2. This allows opening and reading the document without authentication, but, depending on the
Document.permissions
value, other actions may be prohibited. PyMuPDF (like MuPDF) in this case ignores those restrictions. So, – in contrast to any PDF viewers – you can for example extract text and add or modify content, even if the respective permission flagsPDF_PERM_COPY
,PDF_PERM_MODIFY
,PDF_PERM_ANNOTATE
, etc. are set off! It is your responsibility building a legally compliant application where applicable.
- get_page_numbers(label, only_one=False)¶
(New in v 1.18.6)
PDF only: Return a list of page numbers that have the specified label – note that labels may not be unique in a PDF. This implies a sequential search through all page numbers to compare their labels.
Note
Implementation detail – pages are not loaded for this purpose.
- Parameters
label (str) – the label to look for, e.g. “vii” (Roman number 7).
only_one (bool) – stop after first hit. Useful e.g. if labelling is known to be unique, or there are many pages, etc. The default will check every page number.
- Return type
list
- Returns
list of page numbers that have this label. Empty if none found, no labels defined, etc.
- get_page_labels()¶
(New in v1.18.7)
PDF only: Extract the list of page label definitions. Typically used for modifications before feeding it into
Document.set_page_labels()
.- Returns
a list of dictionaries as defined in
Document.set_page_labels()
.
- set_page_labels(labels)¶
(New in v1.18.6)
PDF only: Add or update the page label definitions of the PDF.
- Parameters
labels (list) –
a list of dictionaries. Each dictionary defines a label building rule and a 0-based “start” page number. That start page is the first for which the label definition is valid. Each dictionary has up to 4 items and looks like
{'startpage': int, 'prefix': str, 'style': str, 'firstpagenum': int}
and has the following items.startpage
: (int) the first page number (0-based) to apply the label rule. This key must be present. The rule is applied to all subsequent pages until either end of document or superseded by the rule with the next larger page number.prefix
: (str) an arbitrary string to start the label with, e.g. “A-“. Default is “”.style
: (str) the numbering style. Available are “D” (decimal), “r”/”R” (Roman numbers, lower / upper case), and “a”/”A” (lower / upper case alphabetical numbering: “a” through “z”, then “aa” through “az”, etc.). Default is “”. If “”, no numbering will take place and the pages in that range will receive the same label consisting of theprefix
value. If prefix is also omitted, then the label will be “”.firstpagenum
: (int) start numbering with this value. Default is 1, smaller values are ignored.
For example:
[{'startpage': 6, 'prefix': 'A-', 'style': 'D', 'firstpagenum': 10}, {'startpage': 10, 'prefix': '', 'style': 'D', 'firstpagenum': 1}]
will generate the labels “A-10”, “A-11”, “A-12”, “A-13”, “1”, “2”, “3”, … for pages 6, 7 and so on until end of document. Pages 0 through 5 will have the label “”.
- make_bookmark(loc)¶
(New in v.1.17.3) Return a page pointer in a reflowable document. After re-layouting the document, the result of this method can be used to find the new location of the page.
Note
Do not confuse with items of a table of contents, TOC.
- Parameters
loc (list,tuple) – page location. Must be a valid (chapter, pno).
- Return type
pointer
- Returns
a long integer in pointer format. To be used for finding the new location of the page after re-layouting the document. Do not touch or re-assign.
- find_bookmark(bookmark)¶
(New in v.1.17.3) Return the new page location after re-layouting the document.
- Parameters
bookmark (pointer) – created by
Document.make_bookmark()
.- Return type
tuple
- Returns
the new (chapter, pno) of the page.
- chapter_page_count(chapter)¶
(New in v.1.17.0) Return the number of pages of a chapter.
- Parameters
chapter (int) – the 0-based chapter number.
- Return type
int
- Returns
number of pages in chapter. Relevant only for document types whith chapter support (EPUB currently).
- next_location(page_id)¶
(New in v.1.17.0) Return the location of the following page.
- Parameters
page_id (tuple) – the current page id. This must be a tuple (chapter, pno) identifying an existing page.
- Returns
The tuple of the following page, i.e. either (chapter, pno + 1) or (chapter + 1, 0), or the empty tuple () if the argument was the last page. Relevant only for document types whith chapter support (EPUB currently).
- prev_location(page_id)¶
(New in v.1.17.0) Return the locator of the preceeding page.
- Parameters
page_id (tuple) – the current page id. This must be a tuple (chapter, pno) identifying an existing page.
- Returns
The tuple of the preceeding page, i.e. either (chapter, pno - 1) or the last page of the receeding chapter, or the empty tuple () if the argument was the first page. Relevant only for document types whith chapter support (EPUB currently).
- load_page(page_id=0)¶
Create a Page object for further processing (like rendering, text searching, etc.).
(Changed in v1.17.0) For document types supporting a so-called “chapter structure” (like EPUB), pages can also be loaded via the combination of chapter number and relative page number, instead of the absolute page number. This should significantly speed up access for large documents.
- Parameters
page_id (int,tuple) –
(Changed in v1.17.0)
Either a 0-based page number, or a tuple (chapter, pno). For an integer, any -inf < page_id < page_count is acceptable. While page_id is negative,
page_count
will be added to it. For example: to load the last page, you can use doc.load_page(-1). After this you have page.number = doc.page_count - 1.For a tuple, chapter must be in range
Document.chapter_count
, and pno must be in rangeDocument.chapter_page_count()
of that chapter. Both values are 0-based. Using this notation,Page.number
will equal the given tuple. Relevant only for document types whith chapter support (EPUB currently).- Return type
Note
Documents also follow the Python sequence protocol with page numbers as indices: doc.load_page(n) == doc[n].
For absolute page numbers only, expressions like “for page in doc: …” and “for page in reversed(doc): …” will successively yield the document’s pages. Refer to
Document.pages()
which allows processing pages as with slicing.You can also use index notation with the new chapter-based page identification: use page = doc[(5, 2)] to load the third page of the sixth chapter.
To maintain a consistent API, for document types not supporting a chapter structure (like PDFs),
Document.chapter_count
is 1, and pages can also be loaded via tuples (0, pno). See this 3 footnote for comments on performance improvements.- reload_page(page)¶
(New in version 1.16.10)
PDF only: Provide a new copy of a page after finishing and updating all pending changes.
- Parameters
page (Page) – page object.
- Return type
- Returns
a new copy of the same page. All pending updates (e.g. to annotations or widgets) will be finalized and a fresh copy of the page will be loaded.
Note
In a typical use case, a page Pixmap should be taken after annotations / widgets have been added or changed. To force all those changes being reflected in the page structure, this method re-instates a fresh copy while keeping the object hierarchy “document -> page -> annotations/widgets” intact.
- page_cropbox(pno)¶
(New in version 1.17.7)
PDF only: Return the unrotated page rectangle – **without reading the page (via
Document.load_page()
). This is meant for internal purpose requiring best possible performance.- Parameters
pno (int) – 0-based page number.
- Returns
Rect of the page like
Page.rect()
, but ignoring any rotation.
- page_xref(pno)¶
(New in version 1.17.7)
PDF only: Return the
xref
of the page – without reading the page (viaDocument.load_page()
). This is meant for internal purpose requiring best possible performance.
- pages(start=None[, stop=None[, step=None]])¶
(New in version 1.16.4)
A generator for a given range of pages. Parameters have the same meaning as in the built-in function range(). Intended for expressions of the form “for page in doc.pages(start, stop, step): …”.
- Parameters
start (int) – start iteration with this page number. Default is zero, allowed values are -inf < start < page_count. While this is negative,
page_count
is added before starting the iteration.stop (int) – stop iteration at this page number. Default is
page_count
, possible are -inf < stop <= page_count. Larger values are silently replaced by the default. Negative values will cyclically emit the pages in reversed order. As with the built-in range(), this is the first page not returned.step (int) – stepping value. Defaults are 1 if start < stop and -1 if start > stop. Zero is not allowed.
- Returns
a generator iterator over the document’s pages. Some examples:
”doc.pages()” emits all pages.
”doc.pages(4, 9, 2)” emits pages 4, 6, 8.
”doc.pages(0, None, 2)” emits all pages with even numbers.
”doc.pages(-2)” emits the last two pages.
”doc.pages(-1, -1)” emits all pages in reversed order.
”doc.pages(-1, -10)” emits pages in reversed order, starting with the last page repeatedly. For a 4-page document the following page numbers are emitted: 3, 2, 1, 0, 3, 2, 1, 0, 3, 2, 1, 0, 3.
- convert_to_pdf(from_page=- 1, to_page=- 1, rotate=0)¶
Create a PDF version of the current document and write it to memory. All document types are supported. The parameters have the same meaning as in
insert_pdf()
. In essence, you can restrict the conversion to a page subset, specify page rotation, and revert page sequence.- Parameters
from_page (int) – first page to copy (0-based). Default is first page.
to_page (int) – last page to copy (0-based). Default is last page.
rotate (int) – rotation angle. Default is 0 (no rotation). Should be n * 90 with an integer n (not checked).
- Return type
bytes
- Returns
a Python bytes object containing a PDF file image. It is created by internally using
tobytes(garbage=4, deflate=True)
. Seetobytes()
. You can output it directly to disk or open it as a PDF. Here are some examples:>>> # convert an XPS file to PDF >>> xps = fitz.open("some.xps") >>> pdfbytes = xps.convert_to_pdf() >>> >>> # either do this ---> >>> pdf = fitz.open("pdf", pdfbytes) >>> pdf.save("some.pdf") >>> >>> # or this ---> >>> pdfout = open("some.pdf", "wb") >>> pdfout.tobytes(pdfbytes) >>> pdfout.close()
>>> # copy image files to PDF pages >>> # each page will have image dimensions >>> doc = fitz.open() # new PDF >>> imglist = [ ... image file names ...] # e.g. a directory listing >>> for img in imglist: imgdoc=fitz.open(img) # open image as a document pdfbytes=imgdoc.convert_to_pdf() # make a 1-page PDF of it imgpdf=fitz.open("pdf", pdfbytes) doc.insert_pdf(imgpdf) # insert the image PDF >>> doc.save("allmyimages.pdf")
Note
The method uses the same logic as the mutool convert CLI. This works very well in most cases – however, beware of the following limitations.
Image files: perfect, no issues detected. Apparently however, image transparency is ignored. If you need that (like for a watermark), use
Page.insert_image()
instead. Otherwise, this method is recommended for its much better prformance.XPS: appearance very good. Links work fine, outlines (bookmarks) are lost, but can easily be recovered 2.
EPUB, CBZ, FB2: similar to XPS.
SVG: medium. Roughly comparable to svglib.
- get_toc(simple=True)¶
Creates a table of contents (TOC) out of the document’s outline chain.
- Parameters
simple (bool) – Indicates whether a simple or a detailed TOC is required. If False, each item of the list also contains a dictionary with linkDest details for each outline entry.
- Return type
list
- Returns
a list of lists. Each entry has the form [lvl, title, page, dest]. Its entries have the following meanings:
lvl – hierarchy level (positive int). The first entry is always 1. Entries in a row are either equal, increase by 1, or decrease by any number.
title – title (str)
page – 1-based page number (int). If -1 either no destination or outside document.
dest – (dict) included only if simple=False. Contains details of the TOC item as follows:
kind: destination kind, see Link Destination Kinds.
file: filename if kind is
LINK_GOTOR
orLINK_LAUNCH
.page: target page, 0-based,
LINK_GOTOR
orLINK_GOTO
only.to: position on target page (Point).
zoom: (float) zoom factor on target page.
xref:
xref
of the item (0 if no PDF).color: item color in PDF RGB format
(red, green, blue)
, or omitted (always omitted if no PDF).bold: true if bold item text or omitted. PDF only.
italic: true if italic item text, or omitted. PDF only.
collapse: true if sub-items are folded, or omitted. PDF only.
- xref_get_keys(xref)¶
(New in v1.18.7)
PDF only: Return the PDF dictionary keys of the object provided by its xref number.
- Parameters
xref (int) – the
xref
. (Changed in v1.18.10) Use-1
to access the special dictionary “PDF trailer” (it has no identifying xref).- Returns
a tuple of dictionary keys present in object
xref
. Examples:>>> from pprint import pprint >>> import fitz >>> doc=fitz.open("pymupdf.pdf") >>> xref = doc.page_xref(0) # xref of page 0 >>> pprint(doc.xref_get_keys(xref)) # primary level keys of a page ('Type', 'Contents', 'Resources', 'MediaBox', 'Parent') >>> pprint(doc.xref_get_keys(-1)) # primary level keys of the trailer ('Type', 'Index', 'Size', 'W', 'Root', 'Info', 'ID', 'Length', 'Filter') >>>
- xref_get_key(xref, key)¶
(New in v1.18.7)
PDF only: Return type and value of a PDF dictionary key of an xref.
- Parameters
xref (int) – the
xref
. Changed in v1.18.10: Use-1
to access the special dictionary “PDF trailer” (it has no identifying xref).key (str) – the desired PDF key. Must exactly match (case-sensitive) one of the keys contained in
Document.xref_get_keys()
.
- Returns
a tuple (type, value), where type is one of “xref”, “array”, “dict”, “int”, “float”, “null”, “bool”, “float”, “name”, “string” or “unknown” (should not occur). Independent of “type”, the value of the key is always formatted as a string – see the following example – and a faithful reflection of what is stored in the PDF. An argument like the returned value can be used to modify the value of a key of
xref
.>>> for key in doc.xref_get_keys(xref): print(key, "=" , doc.xref_get_key(xref, key)) Type = ('name', '/Page') Contents = ('xref', '1297 0 R') Resources = ('xref', '1296 0 R') MediaBox = ('array', '[0 0 612 792]') Parent = ('xref', '1301 0 R') >>> # same thing for the PDF trailer: >>> for key in doc.xref_get_keys(-1): print(key, "=", doc.xref_get_key(-1, key)) Type = ('name', '/XRef') Index = ('array', '[0 8802]') Size = ('int', '8802') W = ('array', '[1 3 1]') Root = ('xref', '8799 0 R') Info = ('xref', '8800 0 R') ID = ('array', '[<DC9D56A6277EFFD82084E64F9441E18C><DC9D56A6277EFFD82084E64F9441E18C>]') Length = ('int', '21111') Filter = ('name', '/FlateDecode') >>>
- xref_set_key(xref, key, value)¶
(New in v 1.18.7, changed in v 1.18.13)
PDF only: Set (add, update, delete) the value of a PDF key for the object given by an xref.
Caution
This is an expert function: if you do not know what you are doing, there is a high risk to render (parts of) the PDF unusable. Please do consult Adobe PDF References about object specification formats (page 51) and the structure of special dictionary types like page objects.
- Parameters
xref (int) – the
xref
. Changed in v1.18.13: To update the PDF trailer, specify -1.key (str) – the desired PDF key (without leading “/”). Must not be empty. Any valid PDF key – whether already present in the object (which will be overwritten) – or new. It is possible to use PDF path notation like
"Resources/ExtGState"
– which sets the value for key"/ExtGState"
as a sub-object of"/Resources"
.value (str) –
the value for the key. It must be a non-empty string and, depending on the desired PDF object type, the following rules must be observed. There is some syntax checking, but no type checking and no checking if it makes sense PDF-wise, i.e. no semantics checking. Upper or lower case are important!
xref – must be provided as
"nnn 0 R"
with a validxref
number nnn of the PDF. The suffix “0 R
” is required to be recognizable as an xref by PDF applications.array – a string like
"[a b c d e f]"
. The brackets are required. Array items must be separated by at least one space (not commas like in Python). An empty array"[]"
is possible and equivalent to removing the key. Array items may be any PDF objects, like dictionaries, xrefs, other arrays, etc. Like in Python, array items may be of different types.dict – a string like
"<< ... >>"
. The brackets are required and must enclose a valid PDF dictionary definition. The empty dictionary"<<>>"
is possible and equivalent to removing the key.int – an integer formatted as a string.
float – a float formatted as a string. Scientific notation (with exponents) is not allowed by PDF.
null – the string
"null"
. This is the PDF equivalent to Python’sNone
and causes the key to be ignored – however not necessarily removed, resp. removed on saves with garbage collection.bool – one of the strings
"true"
or"false"
.name – a valid PDF name with a leading slash:
"/PageLayout"
. See page 56 of the Adobe PDF References.string – a valid PDF string. All PDF strings must be enclosed by some type of brackets. Denote the empty string as
"()"
. Depending on its content, the possible bracket types are “(…)” or “<…>”. Reserved PDF characters must be escaped. If in doubt, we strongly recommend to useget_pdf_str()
! This function automatically generates the right brackets, escapes, and overall format. E.g. it will do conversions like these:>>> # because of €, the following yields UTF-16BE BOM >>> fitz.get_pdf_str("Pay in $ or €.") '<feff00500061007900200069006e002000240020006f0072002020ac002e>' >>> # escapes for brackets and non-ASCII >>> fitz.get_pdf_str("Prices in EUR (USD also accepted). Areas are in m².") '(Prices in EUR \\(USD also accepted\\). Areas are in m\\262.)'
- get_page_pixmap(pno, *args, **kwargs)¶
Creates a pixmap from page pno (zero-based). Invokes
Page.get_pixmap()
.- Parameters
pno (int) – page number, 0-based in -inf < pno < page_count.
- Return type
- get_page_xobjects(pno)¶
(Changed in v1.18.11)
PDF only: (New in v1.16.13) Return a list of all XObjects referenced by a page.
- Parameters
pno (int) – page number, 0-based, -inf < pno < page_count.
- Return type
list
- Returns
a list of (non-image) XObjects. These objects typically represent pages embedded (not copied) from other PDFs. For example,
Page.show_pdf_page()
will create this type of object. An item of this list has the following layout:(xref, name, invoker, bbox)
, wherexref (int) is the XObject’s
xref
.name (str) is the symbolic name to reference the XObject.
invoker (int) the
xref
of the invoking XObject or zero if the page directly invokes it.bbox (Rect) the boundary box of the XObject’s location on the page in untransformed coordinates. To get actual, non-rotated page coordinates, multiply with the page’s transformation matrix
Page.transformation_matrix
. Changed in v.18.11: the bbox is now formatted as Rect.
- get_page_images(pno, full=False)¶
PDF only: Return a list of all images (directly or indirectly) referenced by the page.
- Parameters
pno (int) – page number, 0-based, -inf < pno < page_count.
full (bool) – whether to also include the referencer’s
xref
(which is zero if this is the page).
- Return type
list
- Returns
a list of images shown on this page. Each item looks like
(xref, smask, width, height, bpc, colorspace, alt. colorspace, name, filter, referencer)
Where
xref (int) is the image object number
smask (int) is the object number of its soft-mask image
width and height (ints) are the image dimensions
bpc (int) denotes the number of bits per component (normally 8)
colorspace (str) a string naming the colorspace (like DeviceRGB)
alt. colorspace (str) is any alternate colorspace depending on the value of colorspace
name (str) is the symbolic name by which the image is referenced
filter (str) is the decode filter of the image (Adobe PDF References, pp. 65).
referencer (int) the
xref
of the referencer. Zero if directly referenced by the page. Only present if full=True.
See below how this information can be used to extract PDF images as separate files. Another demonstration:
>>> doc = fitz.open("pymupdf.pdf") >>> doc.get_page_images(0, full=True) [[316, 0, 261, 115, 8, 'DeviceRGB', '', 'Im1', 'DCTDecode', 0]] >>> pix = fitz.Pixmap(doc, 316) # 316 is the xref of the image >>> pix fitz.Pixmap(DeviceRGB, fitz.IRect(0, 0, 261, 115), 0)
- get_page_fonts(pno, full=False)¶
PDF only: Return a list of all fonts (directly or indirectly) referenced by the page.
- Parameters
pno (int) – page number, 0-based, -inf < pno < page_count.
full (bool) – whether to also include the referencer’s
xref
. If True, the returned items are one entry longer. Use this option if you need to know, whether the page directly references the font. In this case the last entry is 0. If the font is referenced by an/XObject
of the page, you will find itsxref
here.
- Return type
list
- Returns
a list of fonts referenced by this page. Each entry looks like
(xref, ext, type, basefont, name, encoding, referencer),
where
xref (int) is the font object number (may be zero if the PDF uses one of the builtin fonts directly)
ext (str) font file extension (e.g. “ttf”, see Font File Extensions)
type (str) is the font type (like “Type1” or “TrueType” etc.)
basefont (str) is the base font name,
name (str) is the symbolic name, by which the font is referenced
encoding (str) the font’s character encoding if different from its built-in encoding (Adobe PDF References, p. 414):
referencer (int optional) the
xref
of the referencer. Zero if directly referenced by the page, otherwise the xref of an XObject. Only present if full=True.
Example:
>>> pprint(doc.get_page_fonts(0, full=False)) [(12, 'ttf', 'TrueType', 'FNUUTH+Calibri-Bold', 'R8', ''), (13, 'ttf', 'TrueType', 'DOKBTG+Calibri', 'R10', ''), (14, 'ttf', 'TrueType', 'NOHSJV+Calibri-Light', 'R12', ''), (15, 'ttf', 'TrueType', 'NZNDCL+CourierNewPSMT', 'R14', ''), (16, 'ttf', 'Type0', 'MNCSJY+SymbolMT', 'R17', 'Identity-H'), (17, 'cff', 'Type1', 'UAEUYH+Helvetica', 'R20', 'WinAnsiEncoding'), (18, 'ttf', 'Type0', 'ECPLRU+Calibri', 'R23', 'Identity-H'), (19, 'ttf', 'Type0', 'TONAYT+CourierNewPSMT', 'R27', 'Identity-H')]
Note
This list has no duplicate entries: the combination of
xref
, name and referencer is unique.
- get_page_text(pno, output='text')¶
Extracts the text of a page given its page number pno (zero-based). Invokes
Page.get_text()
.- Parameters
pno (int) – page number, 0-based, any value -inf < pno < page_count.
output (str) – A string specifying the requested output format: text, html, json or xml. Default is text.
- Return type
str
- layout(rect=None, width=0, height=0, fontsize=11)¶
Re-paginate (“reflow”) the document based on the given page dimension and fontsize. This only affects some document types like e-books and HTML. Ignored if not supported. Supported documents have True in property
is_reflowable
.- Parameters
rect (rect_like) – desired page size. Must be finite, not empty and start at point (0, 0).
width (float) – use it together with height as alternative to rect.
height (float) – use it together with width as alternative to rect.
fontsize (float) – the desired default fontsize.
- select(s)¶
PDF only: Keeps only those pages of the document whose numbers occur in the list. Empty sequences or elements outside range(len(doc)) will cause a ValueError. For more details see remarks at the bottom or this chapter.
- Parameters
s (sequence) – The sequence (see Using Python Sequences as Arguments in PyMuPDF) of page numbers (zero-based) to be included. Pages not in the sequence will be deleted (from memory) and become unavailable until the document is reopened. Page numbers can occur multiple times and in any order: the resulting document will reflect the sequence exactly as specified.
Note
Page numbers in the sequence need not be unique nor be in any particular order. This makes the method a versatile utility to e.g. select only the even or the odd pages or meeting some other criteria and so forth.
On a technical level, the method will always create a new
pagetree
.When dealing with only a few pages, methods
copy_page()
,move_page()
,delete_page()
are easier to use. In fact, they are also much faster – by at least one order of magnitude when the document has many pages.
- set_metadata(m)¶
PDF only: Sets or updates the metadata of the document as specified in m, a Python dictionary.
- Parameters
m (dict) – A dictionary with the same keys as metadata (see below). All keys are optional. A PDF’s format and encryption method cannot be set or changed and will be ignored. If any value should not contain data, do not specify its key or set the value to None. If you use {} all metadata information will be cleared to the string “none”. If you want to selectively change only some values, modify a copy of doc.metadata and use it as the argument. Arbitrary unicode values are possible if specified as UTF-8-encoded.
(Changed in v1.18.4) Empty values or “none” are no longer written, but completely omitted.
- get_xml_metadata()¶
PDF only: Get the document XML metadata.
- Return type
str
- Returns
XML metadata of the document. Empty string if not present or not a PDF.
- set_xml_metadata(xml)¶
PDF only: Sets or updates XML metadata of the document.
- Parameters
xml (str) – the new XML metadata. Should be XML syntax, however no checking is done by this method and any string is accepted.
- set_toc(toc, collapse=1)¶
PDF only: Replaces the complete current outline tree (table of contents) with the one provided as the argument. After successful execution, the new outline tree can be accessed as usual via
Document.get_toc()
or viaDocument.outline
. Like with other output-oriented methods, changes become permanent only viasave()
(incremental save supported). Internally, this method consists of the following two steps. For a demonstration see example below.Step 1 deletes all existing bookmarks.
Step 2 creates a new TOC from the entries contained in toc.
- Parameters
toc (sequence) –
A list / tuple with all bookmark entries that should form the new table of contents. Output variants of
get_toc()
are acceptable. To completely remove the table of contents specify an empty sequence or None. Each item must be a list with the following format.[lvl, title, page [, dest]] where
lvl is the hierarchy level (int > 0) of the item, which must be 1 for the first item and at most 1 larger than the previous one.
title (str) is the title to be displayed. It is assumed to be UTF-8-encoded (relevant for multibyte code points only).
page (int) is the target page number (attention: 1-based). Must be in valid range if positive. Set it to -1 if there is no target, or the target is external.
dest (optional) is a dictionary or a number. If a number, it will be interpreted as the desired height (in points) this entry should point to on the page. Use a dictionary (like the one given as output by
get_toc(False)
) for a detailed control of the bookmark’s properties, seeDocument.get_toc()
for a description.
collapse (int) – (new in version 1.16.9) controls the hierarchy level beyond which outline entries should initially show up collapsed. The default 1 will hence only display level 1, higher levels must be unfolded using the PDF viewer. To unfold everything, specify either a large integer, 0 or None.
- Return type
int
- Returns
the number of inserted, resp. deleted items.
- outline_xref(idx)¶
(New in v1.17.7)
PDF only: Return the
xref
of the outline item. This is mainly used for internal purposes.arg int idx: index of the item in list
Document.get_toc()
.- Returns
xref
.
- del_toc_item(idx)¶
New in v1.17.7
Changed in v1.18.14: no longer remove the item’s text, but show it grayed-out.
PDF only: Remove this TOC item. This is a high-speed method, which disables the respective item, but leaves the overall TOC struture intact. Physically, the item still exists in the TOC tree, but is shown grayed-out and will no longer point to any destination.
This also implies that you can reassign the item to a new destination using
Document.set_toc_item()
, when required.- Parameters
idx (int) – the index of the item in list
Document.get_toc()
.
- set_toc_item(idx, dest_dict=None, kind=None, pno=None, uri=None, title=None, to=None, filename=None, zoom=0)¶
New in v1.17.7
Changed in v1.18.6
PDF only: Changes the TOC item identified by its index. Change the item title, destination, appearance (color, bold, italic) or collapsing sub-items – or to remove the item altogether.
Use this method if you need specific changes for selected entries only and want to avoid replacing the complete TOC. This is beneficial especially when dealing with large table of contents.
- Parameters
idx (int) – the index of the entry in the list created by
Document.get_toc()
.dest_dict (dict) – the new destination. A dictionary like the last entry of an item in
doc.get_toc(False)
. Using this as a template is recommended. When given, all other parameters are ignored – except title.kind (int) – the link kind, see Link Destination Kinds. If
LINK_NONE
, then all remaining parameter will be ignored, and the TOC item will be removed – same asDocument.del_toc_item()
. If None, then only the title is modified and the remaining parameters are ignored. All other values will lead to making a new destination dictionary using the subsequent arguments.pno (int) – the 1-based page number, i.e. a value 1 <= pno <= doc.page_count. Required for LINK_GOTO.
uri (str) – the URL text. Required for LINK_URI.
title (str) – the desired new title. None if no change.
to (point_like) – (optional) points to a coordinate on the arget page. Relevant for LINK_GOTO. If omitted, a point near the page’s top is chosen.
filename (str) – required for LINK_GOTOR and LINK_LAUNCH.
zoom (float) – use this zoom factor when showing the target page.
Example use: Change the TOC of the SWIG manual to achieve this:
Collapse everything below top level and show the chapter on Python support in red, bold and italic:
>>> import fitz >>> doc=fitz.open("SWIGDocumentation.pdf") >>> toc = doc.get_toc(False) # we need the detailed TOC >>> # make a list of level 1 indices and their titles >>> lvl1 = [(i, item[1]) for i, item in enumerate(toc) if item[0] == 1] >>> for i, title in lvl1: d = toc[i][3] # get the destination dict d["collapse"] = True # collapse items underneath if "Python" in title: # show the 'Python' chapter d["color"] = (1, 0, 0) # in red, d["bold"] = True # bold and d["italic"] = True # italic doc.set_toc_item(i, dest_dict=d) # update this toc item >>> doc.save("NEWSWIG.pdf",garbage=3,deflate=True)
In the previous example, we have changed only 42 of the 1240 TOC items of the file.
- can_save_incrementally()¶
(New in version 1.16.0)
Check whether the document can be saved incrementally. Use it to choose the right option without encountering exceptions.
- scrub(attached_files=True, clean_pages=True, embedded_files=True, hidden_text=True, javascript=True, metadata=True, redactions=True, redact_images=0, remove_links=True, reset_fields=True, reset_responses=True, thumbnails=True, xml_metadata=True)¶
PDF only: (New in v1.16.14) Remove potentially sensitive data from the PDF. This function is inspired by the similar “Sanitize” function in Adobe Acrobat products. The process is configurable by a number of options, which are all True by default.
- Parameters
attached_files (bool) – Search for ‘FileAttachment’ annotations and remove the file content.
clean_pages (bool) – Remove any comments from page painting sources. If this option is set to False, then this is also done for hidden_text and redactions.
embedded_files (bool) – Remove embedded files.
hidden_text (bool) – Remove OCR-ed text and invisible text 7.
javascript (bool) – Remove JavaScript sources.
metadata (bool) – Remove PDF standard metadata.
redactions (bool) – Apply redaction annotations.
redact_images (int) – how to handle images if applying redactions. One of 0 (ignore), 1 (blank out overlaps) or 2 (remove).
remove_links (bool) – Remove all links.
reset_fields (bool) – Reset all form fields to their defaults.
reset_responses (bool) – Remove all responses from all annotations.
thumbnails (bool) – Remove thumbnail images from pages.
xml_metadata (bool) – Remove XML metadata.
- save(outfile, garbage=0, clean=False, deflate=False, deflate_images=False, deflate_fonts=False, incremental=False, ascii=False, expand=0, linear=False, pretty=False, encryption=PDF_ENCRYPT_NONE, permissions=- 1, owner_pw=None, user_pw=None)¶
(Changed in v1.18.7)
PDF only: Saves the document in its current state.
- Parameters
outfile (str,Path,fp) – The file path,
pathlib.Path
or file object to save to. A file object must have been created before viaopen(...)
orio.BytesIO()
. Choosingio.BytesIO()
is similar toDocument.tobytes()
below, which equals thegetvalue()
output of an internally createdio.BytesIO()
.garbage (int) –
Do garbage collection. Positive values exclude “incremental”.
clean (bool) – Clean and sanitize content streams 1. Corresponds to “mutool clean -sc”.
deflate (bool) – Deflate (compress) uncompressed streams.
deflate_images (bool) – (new in v1.18.3) Deflate (compress) uncompressed image streams 4.
deflate_fonts (bool) – (new in v1.18.3) Deflate (compress) uncompressed fontfile streams 4.
incremental (bool) – Only save changes to the PDF. Excludes “garbage” and “linear”. Can only be used if outfile is a string or a
pathlib.Path
and equal toDocument.name
. Cannot be used for files that are decrypted or repaired and also in some other cases. To be sure, checkDocument.can_save_incrementally()
. If this is false, saving to a new file is required.ascii (bool) – convert binary data to ASCII.
expand (int) –
Decompress objects. Generates versions that can be better read by some other programs and will lead to larger files.
0 = none
1 = images
2 = fonts
255 = all
linear (bool) – Save a linearised version of the document. This option creates a file format for improved performance for Internet access. Excludes “incremental”.
pretty (bool) – Prettify the document source for better readability. PDF objects will be reformatted to look like the default output of
Document.xref_object()
.permissions (int) – (new in version 1.16.0) Set the desired permission levels. See Document Permissions for possible values. Default is granting all.
encryption (int) – (new in version 1.16.0) set the desired encryption method. See PDF encryption method codes for possible values.
owner_pw (str) – (new in version 1.16.0) set the document’s owner password. (Changed in v1.18.3) If not provided, the user password is taken if provided.
user_pw (str) – (new in version 1.16.0) set the document’s user password.
Note
The method does not check, whether a file of that name already exists, will hence not ask for confirmation, and overwrite the file. It is your responsibility as a programmer to handle this.
- ez_save(*args, **kwargs)¶
(New in v1.18.11)
PDF only: The same as
Document.save()
but with the changed defaults deflate=True, garbage=3.
- saveIncr()¶
PDF only: saves the document incrementally. This is a convenience abbreviation for doc.save(doc.name, incremental=True, encryption=PDF_ENCRYPT_KEEP).
- tobytes(garbage=0, clean=False, deflate=False, deflate_images=False, deflate_fonts=False, ascii=False, expand=0, linear=False, pretty=False, encryption=PDF_ENCRYPT_NONE, permissions=- 1, owner_pw=None, user_pw=None)¶
(Changed in v1.18.7)
PDF only: Writes the current content of the document to a bytes object instead of to a file. Obviously, you should be wary about memory requirements. The meanings of the parameters exactly equal those in
save()
. Chapter Collection of Recipes contains an example for using this method as a pre-processor to pdfrw.(Changed in version 1.16.0) for extended encryption support.
- Return type
bytes
- Returns
a bytes object containing the complete document.
- search_page_for(pno, text, quads=False)¶
Search for “text” on page number “pno”. Works exactly like the corresponding
Page.search_for()
. Any integer -inf < pno < page_count is acceptable.
- insert_pdf(docsrc, from_page=- 1, to_page=- 1, start_at=- 1, rotate=- 1, links=True, annots=True, show_progress=0, final=1)¶
PDF only: Copy the page range [from_page, to_page] (including both) of PDF document docsrc into the current one. Inserts will start with page number start_at. Value -1 indicates default values. All pages thus copied will be rotated as specified. Links and annotations can be excluded in the target, see below. All page numbers are 0-based.
- Parameters
docsrc (Document) – An opened PDF Document which must not be the current document. However, it may refer to the same underlying file.
from_page (int) – First page number in docsrc. Default is zero.
to_page (int) – Last page number in docsrc to copy. Defaults to last page.
start_at (int) – First copied page, will become page number start_at in the target. Default -1 appends the page range to the end. If zero, the page range will be inserted before current first page.
rotate (int) – All copied pages will be rotated by the provided value (degrees, integer multiple of 90).
links (bool) – Choose whether (internal and external) links should be included in the copy. Default is True. Internal links to outside the copied page range are always excluded.
annots (bool) – (new in version 1.16.1) choose whether annotations should be included in the copy.
show_progress (int) – (new in version 1.17.7) specify an interval size greater zero to see progress messages on
sys.stdout
. After each interval, a message likeInserted 30 of 47 pages.
will be printed.final (int) – (new in v1.18.0) controls whether the list of already copied objects should be dropped after this method, default True. Set it to 0 except for the last one of multiple insertions from the same source PDF. This saves target file size and speeds up execution considerably.
Note
If from_page > to_page, pages will be copied in reverse order. If 0 <= from_page == to_page, then one page will be copied.
docsrc TOC entries will not be copied. It is easy however, to recover a table of contents for the resulting document. Look at the examples below and at program PDFjoiner.py in the examples directory: it can join PDF documents and at the same time piece together respective parts of the tables of contents.
- new_page(pno=- 1, width=595, height=842)¶
PDF only: Insert an empty page.
- Parameters
pno (int) – page number in front of which the new page should be inserted. Must be in 1 < pno <= page_count. Special values -1 and doc.page_count insert after the last page.
width (float) – page width.
height (float) – page height.
- Return type
- Returns
the created page object.
- insert_page(pno, text=None, fontsize=11, width=595, height=842, fontname='helv', fontfile=None, color=None)¶
PDF only: Insert a new page and insert some text. Convenience function which combines
Document.new_page()
and (parts of)Page.insert_text()
.- Parameters
pno (int) –
page number (0-based) in front of which to insert. Must be in range(-1, len(doc) + 1). Special values -1 and len(doc) insert after the last page.
- Changed in version 1.14.12
This is now a positional parameter
For the other parameters, please consult the aforementioned methods.
- Return type
int
- Returns
the result of
Page.insert_text()
(number of successfully inserted lines).
- delete_page(pno=- 1)¶
PDF only: Delete a page given by its 0-based number in -inf < pno < page_count - 1.
Changed in v1.18.14: support Python’s
del
statement.
- Parameters
pno (int) – the page to be deleted. Negative number count backwards from the end of the document (like with indices). Default is the last page.
- delete_pages(*args, **kwds)¶
Changed in v1.18.13: more flexibility specifying pages to delete.
Changed in v1.18.14: support Python’s
del
statement.
PDF only: Delete multiple pages given as 0-based numbers.
- Format 1: Use keywords. Represents the old format. A contiguous range of pages is removed.
“from_page”: first page to delete. Zero if omitted.
“to_page”: last page to delete. Last page in document if omitted. Must not be less then “from_page”.
Format 2: Two page numbers as positional parameters. Handled like Format 1.
Format 3: One positional integer parameter. Equivalent to
Page.delete_page()
.Format 4: One positional parameter of type list, tuple or range() of page numbers. The items of this sequence may be in any order and may contain duplicates.
Format 5: (New in v1.18.14) Using the Python
del
statement and index / slice notation is now possible.Note
(Changed in v1.14.17, optimized in v1.17.7) In an effort to maintain a valid PDF structure, this method and
delete_page()
will also deactivate items in the table of contents which point to deleted pages. “Deactivation” here means, that the bookmark will point to nowhere and the title will be shown grayed-out by supporting PDF viewers. The overall TOC structure is left intact.It will also remove any links on remaining pages which point to a deleted one. This action may have an extended response time for documents with many pages.
Following examples will all delete pages 500 through 519:
doc.delete_pages(500, 519)
doc.delete_pages(from_page=500, to_page=519)
doc.delete_pages((500, 501, 502, ... , 519))
doc.delete_pages(range(500, 520))
del doc[500:520]
del doc[(500, 501, 502, ... , 519)]
del doc[range(500, 520)]
For the Adobe PDF References the above takes about 0.6 seconds, because the remaining 1290 pages must be cleaned from invalid links.
In general, the performance of this method is dependent on the number of remaining pages – not on the number of deleted pages: in the above example, deleting all pages except those 20, will need much less time.
- copy_page(pno, to=- 1)¶
PDF only: Copy a page reference within the document.
- Parameters
pno (int) – the page to be copied. Must be in range 0 <= pno < len(doc).
to (int) – the page number in front of which to copy. The default inserts after the last page.
Note
Only a new reference to the page object will be created – not a new page object, all copied pages will have identical attribute values, including the
Page.xref
. This implies that any changes to one of these copies will appear on all of them.
- fullcopy_page(pno, to=- 1)¶
(New in version 1.14.17)
PDF only: Make a full copy (duplicate) of a page.
- Parameters
pno (int) – the page to be duplicated. Must be in range 0 <= pno < len(doc).
to (int) – the page number in front of which to copy. The default inserts after the last page.
Note
In contrast to
copy_page()
, this method creates a new page object (with a newxref
), which can be changed independently from the original.Any Popup and “IRT” (“in response to”) annotations are not copied to avoid potentially incorrect situations.
- move_page(pno, to=- 1)¶
PDF only: Move (copy and then delete original) a page within the document.
- Parameters
pno (int) – the page to be moved. Must be in range 0 <= pno < len(doc).
to (int) – the page number in front of which to insert the moved page. The default moves after the last page.
- need_appearances(value=None)¶
(New in v1.17.4)
PDF only: Get or set the /NeedAppearances property of Form PDFs. Quote: “(Optional) A flag specifying whether to construct appearance streams and appearance dictionaries for all widget annotations in the document … Default value: false.” This may help controlling the behavior of some readers / viewers.
- Parameters
value (bool) – set the property to this value. If omitted or None, inquire the current value.
- Return type
bool
- Returns
None: not a Form PDF, or property not defined.
True / False: the value of the property (either just set or existing for inquiries). Has no effect if no Form PDF.
- get_sigflags()¶
PDF only: Return whether the document contains signature fields. This is an optional PDF property: if not present (return value -1), no conclusions can be drawn – the PDF creator may just not have bothered to use it.
- Return type
int
- Returns
-1: not a Form PDF / no signature fields recorded / no SigFlags found.
1: at least one signature field exists.
3: contains signatures that may be invalidated if the file is saved (written) in a way that alters its previous contents, as opposed to an incremental update.
- embfile_add(name, buffer, filename=None, ufilename=None, desc=None)¶
PDF only: Embed a new file. All string parameters except the name may be unicode (in previous versions, only ASCII worked correctly). File contents will be compressed (where beneficial).
- Changed in version 1.14.16
The sequence of positional parameters “name” and “buffer” has been changed to comply with the layout of other functions.
- Parameters
name (str) – entry identifier, must not already exist.
buffer (bytes,bytearray,BytesIO) –
file contents.
(Changed in version 1.14.13) io.BytesIO is now also supported.
filename (str) – optional filename. Documentation only, will be set to name if None.
ufilename (str) – optional unicode filename. Documentation only, will be set to filename if None.
desc (str) – optional description. Documentation only, will be set to name if None.
- Return type
int
- Returns
(Changed in v1.18.13) The method now returns the
xref
of the inserted file. In addition, the file object now will be automatically given the PDF keys/CreationDate
and/ModDate
based on the current date-time.
- embfile_count()¶
PDF only: Return the number of embedded files.
- Changed in version 1.14.16
This is now a method. In previous versions, this was a property.
- embfile_get(item)¶
PDF only: Retrieve the content of embedded file by its entry number or name. If the document is not a PDF, or entry cannot be found, an exception is raised.
- Parameters
item (int,str) – index or name of entry. An integer must be in
range(embfile_count())
.- Return type
bytes
- embfile_del(item)¶
PDF only: Remove an entry from /EmbeddedFiles. As always, physical deletion of the embedded file content (and file space regain) will occur only when the document is saved to a new file with a suitable garbage option.
- Changed in version 1.14.16
Items can now be deleted by index, too.
- Parameters
item (int/str) – index or name of entry.
Warning
When specifying an entry name, this function will only delete the first item with that name. Be aware that PDFs not created with PyMuPDF may contain duplicate names. So you may want to take appropriate precautions.
- embfile_info(item)¶
(Changed in v1.18.13)
PDF only: Retrieve information of an embedded file given by its number or by its name.
- Parameters
item (int/str) – index or name of entry. An integer must be in
range(embfile_count())
.- Return type
dict
- Returns
a dictionary with the following keys:
name – (str) name under which this entry is stored
filename – (str) filename
ufilename – (unicode) filename
desc – (str) description
size – (int) original file size
length – (int) compressed file length
creationDate – (New in v1.18.13) (str) date-time of item creation in PDF format
modDate – (New in v1.18.13) (str) date-time of last change in PDF format
collection – (New in v1.18.13) (int)
xref
of the associated PDF portfolio item if any, else zero.checksum – (New in v1.18.13) (str) a hashcode of the stored file content as a hexadecimal string. Should be MD5 according to PDF specifications, but be prepared to see other hashing algorithms.
- embfile_names()¶
(New in version 1.14.16)
PDF only: Return a list of embedded file names. The sequence of the names equals the physical sequence in the document.
- Return type
list
- embfile_upd(item, buffer=None, filename=None, ufilename=None, desc=None)¶
PDF only: Change an embedded file given its entry number or name. All parameters are optional. Letting them default leads to a no-operation.
- Parameters
item (int/str) – index or name of entry. An integer must be in
range(embfile_count())
.buffer (bytes,bytearray,BytesIO) –
the new file content.
(Changed in version 1.14.13) io.BytesIO is now also supported.
filename (str) – the new filename.
ufilename (str) – the new unicode filename.
desc (str) – the new description.
(Changed in v1.18.13) The method now returns the
xref
of the file object.- Return type
int
- Returns
xref of the file object. Automatically, its
/ModDate
PDF key will be updated with the current date-time.
- close()¶
Release objects and space allocations associated with the document. If created from a file, also closes filename (releasing control to the OS).
- xref_object(xref, compressed=False, ascii=False)¶
(New in version 1.16.8, changed in v1.18.10)
PDF only: Return the definition source of a PDF object.
- Parameters
xref (int) – the object’s :data`xref`. Changed in v1.18.10: A value of -1 returns the PDF trailer source.
compressed (bool) – whether to generate a compact output with no line breaks or spaces.
bool – ascii: whether to ASCII-encode binary data.
- Return type
str
- Returns
The object definition source.
- pdf_catalog()¶
(New in version 1.16.8)
PDF only: Return the
xref
number of the PDF catalog (or root) object. Use that number withDocument.xref_object()
to see its source.
- pdf_trailer(compressed=False)¶
(New in version 1.16.8)
PDF only: Return the trailer source of the PDF, which is usually located at the PDF file’s end. This is
Document.xref_object()
with an xref argument of -1.
- xref_xml_metadata()¶
(New in version 1.16.8)
PDF only: Return the
xref
of the document’s XML metadata.
- xref_stream(xref)¶
(New in version 1.16.8)
PDF only: Return the decompressed contents of the
xref
stream object.- Parameters
xref (int) –
xref
number.- Return type
bytes
- Returns
the (decompressed) stream of the object.
- xref_stream_raw(xref)¶
(New in version 1.16.8)
PDF only: Return the unmodified (esp. not decompressed) contents of the
xref
stream object. Otherwise equal toDocument.xref_stream()
.- Return type
bytes
- Returns
the (original, unmodified) stream of the object.
- update_object(xref, obj_str, page=None)¶
(New in version 1.16.8)
PDF only: Replace object definition of
xref
with the provided string. The xref may also be new, in which case this instruction completes the object definition. If a page object is also given, its links and annotations will be reloaded afterwards.- Parameters
- Return type
int
- Returns
zero if successful, otherwise an exception will be raised.
- update_stream(xref, data, new=False)¶
(New in version 1.16.8)
Replace the stream of an object identified by xref. If the object has no stream, an exception is raised unless new=True is used. The function automatically performs a compress operation (“deflate”) where beneficial.
- Parameters
xref (int) –
xref
number.stream (bytes|bytearray|BytesIO) –
the new content of the stream.
(Changed in version 1.14.13:) io.BytesIO objects are now also supported.
new (bool) –
whether to force accepting the stream, and thus turning it into a stream object.
Caution
The object of
xref
must be a PDF dictionary for this to work, and especially must not be empty – as is the case if you just created the xref viaDocument.get_new_xref()
. To avoid this, executedoc.update_object(xref, "<<>>")
before inserting the stream.
This method is intended to manipulate streams containing PDF operator syntax (see pp. 985 of the Adobe PDF References) as it is the case for e.g. page content streams.
If you update a contents stream, you should use save parameter clean=True. This ensures consistency between PDF operator source and the object structure.
Example: Let us assume that you no longer want a certain image appear on a page. This can be achieved by deleting the respective reference in its contents source(s) – and indeed: the image will be gone after reloading the page. But the page’s
resources
object would still show the image as being referenced by the page. This save option will clean up any such mismatches.
- has_links()¶
- has_annots()¶
(New in v1.18.7)
PDF only: Check whether there are links, resp. annotations anywhere in the document.
- Returns
True / False. As opposed to fields, which are stored in a central place of a PDF document, the existence of links / annotations can only be detected by parsing each page. These methods are tuned to do this efficiently and will immediately return, if the answer is True for a page. For PDFs with many thousand pages however, an answer may take some time 6 if no link, resp. no annotation is found.
- subset_fonts()¶
(New in v1.18.7, changed in v1.18.9)
PDF only: Investigate eligible fonts for their use by text in the document. If a font is supported and a size reduction is possible, that font is replaced by a version with a character subset.
Use this method immediately before saving the document. The following features and restrictions apply for the time being:
Package fontTools must be installed. It is required for creating the font subsets. If not installed, the method raises an
ImportError
exception.Supported font types only include embedded OTF, TTF and WOFF that are not already subsets.
The script directory must be available for writing temporary files during the subsetting process.
Changed in v1.18.9: A subset font directly replaces its original – text remains untouched and is not rewritten. It thus should retain all its properties, like spacing, hiddenness, control by Optional Content, etc.
The greatest benefit can be achieved when creating new PDFs using large fonts like is typical for Asian scripts. In these cases, the set of actually used unicodes mostly is small compared to the number of glyphs in the font. Using this feature can easily reduce the embedded font binary by two orders of magnitude – from several megabytes to a low two-digit kilobyte amount.
- outline¶
Contains the first Outline entry of the document (or None). Can be used as a starting point to walk through all outline items. Accessing this property for encrypted, not authenticated documents will raise an AttributeError.
- Type
- is_closed¶
False if document is still open. If closed, most other attributes and methods will have been deleted / disabled. In addition, Page objects referring to this document (i.e. created with
Document.load_page()
) and their dependent objects will no longer be usable. For reference purposes,Document.name
still exists and will contain the filename of the original document (if applicable).- Type
bool
- is_dirty¶
True if this is a PDF document and contains unsaved changes, else False.
- Type
bool
- is_pdf¶
True if this is a PDF document, else False.
- Type
bool
- is_form_pdf¶
False if this is not a PDF or has no form fields, otherwise the number of root form fields (fields with no ancestors).
(Changed in version 1.16.4) Returns the total number of (root) form fields.
- Type
bool,int
- is_reflowable¶
True if document has a variable page layout (like e-books or HTML). In this case you can set the desired page dimensions during document creation (open) or via method
layout()
.- Type
bool
- is_repaired¶
(New in v1.18.2)
True if PDF has been repaired during open (because of major structure issues). Always False for non-PDF documents. If true, more details have been stored in
TOOLS.mupdf_warnings()
, andDocument.can_save_incrementally()
will return False.- Type
bool
- needs_pass¶
Indicates whether the document is password-protected against access. This indicator remains unchanged – even after the document has been authenticated. Precludes incremental saves if true.
- Type
bool
- is_encrypted¶
This indicator initially equals
Document.needs_pass
. After successful authentication, it is set to False to reflect the situation.- Type
bool
- permissions¶
Contains the permissions to access the document. This is an integer containing bool values in respective bit positions. For example, if doc.permissions & fitz.PDF_PERM_MODIFY > 0, you may change the document. See Document Permissions for details.
Changed in version 1.16.0 This is now an integer comprised of bit indicators. Was a dictionary previously.
- Type
int
- metadata¶
Contains the document’s meta data as a Python dictionary or None (if is_encrypted=True and needPass=True). Keys are format, encryption, title, author, subject, keywords, creator, producer, creationDate, modDate, trapped. All item values are strings or None.
Except format and encryption, for PDF documents, the key names correspond in an obvious way to the PDF keys /Creator, /Producer, /CreationDate, /ModDate, /Title, /Author, /Subject, /Trapped and /Keywords respectively.
format contains the document format (e.g. ‘PDF-1.6’, ‘XPS’, ‘EPUB’).
encryption either contains None (no encryption), or a string naming an encryption method (e.g. ‘Standard V4 R4 128-bit RC4’). Note that an encryption method may be specified even if needs_pass=False. In such cases not all permissions will probably have been granted. Check
Document.permissions
for details.If the date fields contain valid data (which need not be the case at all!), they are strings in the PDF-specific timestamp format “D:<TS><TZ>”, where
<TS> is the 12 character ISO timestamp YYYYMMDDhhmmss (YYYY - year, MM - month, DD - day, hh - hour, mm - minute, ss - second), and
<TZ> is a time zone value (time intervall relative to GMT) containing a sign (‘+’ or ‘-‘), the hour (hh), and the minute (‘mm’, note the apostrophies!).
A Paraguayan value might hence look like D:20150415131602-04’00’, which corresponds to the timestamp April 15, 2015, at 1:16:02 pm local time Asuncion.
- Type
dict
- name¶
Contains the filename or filetype value with which Document was created.
- Type
str
- page_count¶
Contains the number of pages of the document. May return 0 for documents with no pages. Function len(doc) will also deliver this result.
- Type
int
- chapter_count¶
(New in version 1.17.0) Contains the number of chapters in the document. Always at least 1. Relevant only for document types with chapter support (EPUB currently). Other documents will return 1.
- Type
int
- last_location¶
(New in version 1.17.0) Contains (chapter, pno) of the document’s last page. Relevant only for document types with chapter support (EPUB currently). Other documents will return (0, len(doc) - 1) and (0, -1) if it has no pages.
- Type
int
- FormFonts¶
A list of form field font names defined in the /AcroForm object. None if not a PDF.
- Type
list
Note
For methods that change the structure of a PDF (insert_pdf()
, select()
, copy_page()
, delete_page()
and others), be aware that objects or properties in your program may have been invalidated or orphaned. Examples are Page objects and their children (links, annotations, widgets), variables holding old page counts, tables of content and the like. Remember to keep such variables up to date or delete orphaned objects. Also refer to Ensuring Consistency of Important Objects in PyMuPDF.
set_metadata()
Example¶
Clear metadata information. If you do this out of privacy / data protection concerns, make sure you save the document as a new file with garbage > 0. Only then the old /Info object will also be physically removed from the file. In this case, you may also want to clear any XML metadata inserted by several PDF editors:
>>> import fitz
>>> doc=fitz.open("pymupdf.pdf")
>>> doc.metadata # look at what we currently have
{'producer': 'rst2pdf, reportlab', 'format': 'PDF 1.4', 'encryption': None, 'author':
'Jorj X. McKie', 'modDate': "D:20160611145816-04'00'", 'keywords': 'PDF, XPS, EPUB, CBZ',
'title': 'The PyMuPDF Documentation', 'creationDate': "D:20160611145816-04'00'",
'creator': 'sphinx', 'subject': 'PyMuPDF 1.9.1'}
>>> doc.set_metadata({}) # clear all fields
>>> doc.metadata # look again to show what happened
{'producer': 'none', 'format': 'PDF 1.4', 'encryption': None, 'author': 'none',
'modDate': 'none', 'keywords': 'none', 'title': 'none', 'creationDate': 'none',
'creator': 'none', 'subject': 'none'}
>>> doc._delXmlMetadata() # clear any XML metadata
>>> doc.save("anonymous.pdf", garbage = 4) # save anonymized doc
set_toc()
Demonstration¶
This shows how to modify or add a table of contents. Also have a look at csv2toc.py and toc2csv.py in the examples directory.
>>> import fitz
>>> doc = fitz.open("test.pdf")
>>> toc = doc.get_toc()
>>> for t in toc: print(t) # show what we have
[1, 'The PyMuPDF Documentation', 1]
[2, 'Introduction', 1]
[3, 'Note on the Name fitz', 1]
[3, 'License', 1]
>>> toc[1][1] += " modified by set_toc" # modify something
>>> doc.set_toc(toc) # replace outline tree
3 # number of bookmarks inserted
>>> for t in doc.get_toc(): print(t) # demonstrate it worked
[1, 'The PyMuPDF Documentation', 1]
[2, 'Introduction modified by set_toc', 1] # <<< this has changed
[3, 'Note on the Name fitz', 1]
[3, 'License', 1]
insert_pdf()
Examples¶
(1) Concatenate two documents including their TOCs:
>>> doc1 = fitz.open("file1.pdf") # must be a PDF
>>> doc2 = fitz.open("file2.pdf") # must be a PDF
>>> pages1 = len(doc1) # save doc1's page count
>>> toc1 = doc1.get_toc(False) # save TOC 1
>>> toc2 = doc2.get_toc(False) # save TOC 2
>>> doc1.insert_pdf(doc2) # doc2 at end of doc1
>>> for t in toc2: # increase toc2 page numbers
t[2] += pages1 # by old len(doc1)
>>> doc1.set_toc(toc1 + toc2) # now result has total TOC
Obviously, similar ways can be found in more general situations. Just make sure that hierarchy levels in a row do not increase by more than one. Inserting dummy bookmarks before and after toc2 segments would heal such cases. A ready-to-use GUI (wxPython) solution can be found in script PDFjoiner.py of the examples directory.
(2) More examples:
>>> # insert 5 pages of doc2, where its page 21 becomes page 15 in doc1
>>> doc1.insert_pdf(doc2, from_page=21, to_page=25, start_at=15)
>>> # same example, but pages are rotated and copied in reverse order
>>> doc1.insert_pdf(doc2, from_page=25, to_page=21, start_at=15, rotate=90)
>>> # put copied pages in front of doc1
>>> doc1.insert_pdf(doc2, from_page=21, to_page=25, start_at=0)
Other Examples¶
Extract all page-referenced images of a PDF into separate PNG files:
for i in range(len(doc)):
imglist = doc.get_page_images(i)
for img in imglist:
xref = img[0] # xref number
pix = fitz.Pixmap(doc, xref) # make pixmap from image
if pix.n - pix.alpha < 4: # can be saved as PNG
pix.save("p%s-%s.png" % (i, xref))
else: # CMYK: must convert first
pix0 = fitz.Pixmap(fitz.csRGB, pix)
pix0.save("p%s-%s.png" % (i, xref))
pix0 = None # free Pixmap resources
pix = None # free Pixmap resources
Rotate all pages of a PDF:
>>> for page in doc: page.set_rotation(90)
Footnotes
- 1
Content streams describe what (e.g. text or images) appears where and how on a page. PDF uses a specialized mini language similar to PostScript to do this (pp. 985 in Adobe PDF References), which gets interpreted when a page is loaded.
- 2
However, you can use
Document.get_toc()
andPage.get_links()
(which are available for all document types) and copy this information over to the output PDF. See demo pdf-converter.py.- 3
For applicable (EPUB) document types, loading a page via its absolute number may result in layouting a large part of the document, before the page can be accessed. To avoid this performance impact, prefer chapter-based access. Use convenience methods and attributes
Document.next_location()
,Document.prev_location()
andDocument.last_location
for maintaining a high level of coding efficiency.- 4(1,2)
These parameters cause separate handling of stream categories: use it together with
expand
to restrict decompression to streams other than images / fontfiles.- 5
Examples for “Form XObjects” are created by
Page.show_pdf_page()
.- 6
For a False the complete document must be scanned. Both methods do not load pages, but only scan object definitions. This makes them at least 10 times faster than application-level loops (where total response time roughly equals the time for loading all pages). For the Adobe PDF References (1’310 pages) and the Pandas documentation (over 3’070 pages) – both havo no annotations – the method needs about 11 ms for the answer False. So response times will probably become significant only well beyond this order of magnitude.
- 7
This only works under certain conditions. For example, if there is normal text covered by some image on top of it, then this is undetectable and the respective text is not removed. Similar is true for white text on white background, and so on.